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Chapter 16: Problem 8

Using your knowledge of the stress response, explain why the physiological changes of the stress response are important to survival in the short term and deleterious when they persist over long periods.

Short Answer

Expert verified
During short-term stress, the body undergoes physiological changes such as release of adrenaline, increased heart rate and heightened alertness. These changes were evolutionary designed for immediate survival, enhancing physical performance and quick decision-making. However, long-term stimulation of the stress response can lead to consistent high blood pressure, hyperarousal, anxiety, depression and increased susceptibility to illnesses, due to the overworked immune system, thereby having deleterious effects on health.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Physiological Changes during Short-Term Stress Response

During a short-term stress response, the body undergoes several physiological changes that aid in survival. These include the release of adrenaline, increased heart rate, and heightened alertness, among others. These responses are meant to prepare the body for 'fight or flight', which can help an individual survive an immediate threat.
02

Explain Short-Term Stress Response Importance

The physiological changes that occur during the short-term stress response are crucial for survival as they enhance an individual's ability to respond to immediate threats. For instance, the increased heart rate quickens the flow of blood to muscles, improving physical performance. Enhanced alertness also helps in making quicker decisions while facing a threat.
03

Identify the Physiological Changes during Long-Term Stress Response

When the stress response persists over a long period, the body undergoes several physiological changes. These include consistent high blood pressure, hyperarousal, anxiety and depression, and more susceptibility to illness since the immune system is constantly overworked.
04

Explain Long-Term Stress Response's Deleterious Effects

While the body鈥檚 stress response is crucial for immediate survival, if it is stimulated over a prolonged period, it can lead to detrimental effects on one's health. Persistent high blood pressure can damage blood vessels, leading to heart disease. Chronic hyperarousal can lead to mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. Also, a constantly stimulated immune system may weaken, increasing an individual's susceptibility to illnesses.

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