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Chapter 16: Problem 10

Discuss antagonism, permissiveness, and synergism in the context of hormone interactions.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Antagonism, permissiveness, and synergism are different ways hormones interact. Antagonism is when the effect of one hormone opposes the effect of another, as seen with insulin and glucagon. Permissiveness refers to a situation where one hormone needs another to be effective, like thyroxine needs pituitary hormone in tadpole transformation. Synergism is when two or more hormones produce a greater result together than individually, as seen with FSH and testosterone in sperm production.

Step by step solution

01

Discuss Antagonism

Antagonism in hormone interactions explains situations where the effects of one hormone oppose the effects of another hormone. An example is the antagonistic interaction between insulin and glucagon. Insulin reduces blood glucose level by facilitating glucose uptake by cells, while glucagon raises blood glucose level by promoting glucose release from liver.
02

Discuss Permissiveness

Permissiveness in hormone interactions refers to a condition in which the action of one hormone requires the prior or concurrent action of another hormone. For example, for the hormone thyroxine to exert its full effect on tadpole metamorphosis, the presence of hormone from the pituitary gland is needed.
03

Discuss Synergism

Synergism in hormone interaction is a process in which two or more hormones interact at a target tissue to produce a result that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. An instance of this phenomenon is the combined action of FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) and testosterone on sperm cells production in male, which together produce more sperm cells than either hormone would separately.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Compare and contrast the structure and functions of hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons that send their axons to the posterior pituitary gland with those of hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons that have axons terminating on the capillary network of the median eminence.

Compare and contrast the functions and modes of action of the following pairs of hormones: insulin and glucagon; active vitamin D and parathyroid hormone; adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol.

In patients receiving cortisone drug therapy, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion decreases, and the adrenal glands shrink. Using your knowledge of the HPA axis, feedback mechanisms, and the tropic functions of hormones, explain why patients experience these changes.

Define/describe negative feedback in endocrine controls and explain its physiological significance.

Explain why the effects of steroid hormones are seen after a longer delay than the effects of peptide hormones.
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