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State three ways that nonparametric tests differ from parametric tests.

How are the degrees of freedom computed for each test listed below? a. A chi-square goodness-of-fit test b. A chi-square test for independence

Write the formula for finding the expected frequency for a chi-square goodness-of-fit test.

What is the shape of the chi-square distribution?

Name one assumption and one restriction for the chi-square test.

Write the formula for the frequency expected for a chi-square test for independence.

Write the formula for each of the following effect size measures for the chi- square test for independence: a. Proportion of variance b. Phi coefficient c. Cramer's \(V\)

When is Cramer's \(V\) the only measure of effect size that can be used with the chi-square test for independence?

Based on the scale of measurement for the data, which of the following tests are parametric? Which are nonparametric? a. A researcher measures the proportion of schizophrenic patients born in each season. b. A researcher measures the average age that schizophrenia is diagnosed among male and female patients. c. A researcher tests whether frequency of Internet use and social interaction are independent. d. A researcher measures the amount of time (in seconds) that a group of teenagers uses the Internet for school-related and non-school-related purposes.

For each of the following examples, state whether the chi-square goodness-of- fit test or the chisquare test for independence is appropriate. a. A study concerning the number of individuals who prefer one of four career options b. A study concerning the frequency of aberrant behavior among high school freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors c. A study testing the relationship between the frequency of intimacy (low, high) and personality type (extravert, introvert)