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Negative symptoms in schizophrenia are characterized by the reduction or loss of abilities that were previously present. These include diminished emotional expression, which might look like facial expressions or vocal tone that lack emotion. Another aspect is social withdrawal, where individuals may stop participating in activities they once enjoyed or avoid others altogether.

Additionally, neglect of personal hygiene is often observed, showcasing a decrease in the motivation or interest in maintaining oneself. These symptoms do not "add" a behavior or belief like positive symptoms do, but rather "subtract" from what was once normal behavior.

• Reduced emotional expression
• Lack of motivation
• Social withdrawal
• Neglect of personal hygiene

Positive symptoms in schizophrenia involve an excess or distortion of normal functions. Though they may sound counterintuitive as being "positive," these symptoms add experiences that are not typically present. Delusions, a key positive symptom, involve holding strong beliefs that are not grounded in reality. Another positive symptom is hallucinations, which can be auditory, visual, or even sensory perceptions that do not exist outside one's mind.

Positive symptoms can be quite disruptive and prominent, often leading individuals to experience significant changes in thought patterns, perception, and behavior. Unlike negative symptoms which reduce capabilities, positive symptoms tend to complicate everyday life with new, often distressing, experiences.

• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized thinking
• Abnormal motor behavior

Psychological disorders, also known as mental disorders, encompass a range of conditions that impact an individual's mental health. Schizophrenia is one such disorder, often marked by symptoms that significantly impair day-to-day functioning. These disorders can manifest in various ways, influencing thoughts, perceptions, emotions, and behaviors.

Commonly, these are categorized into mood disorders, anxiety disorders, cognitive impairments, and more. Treatments for psychological disorders may include medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both, tailored for each person's specific needs. Understanding the breadth and complexities of these disorders helps to reduce stigma and promotes support for those affected.

• Schizophrenia
• Mood disorders
• Anxiety disorders
• Cognitive disorders

Emotional flatness, often seen in schizophrenia, involves a diminished ability to express or feel emotions. This can be subtle, like a monotone voice, or more noticeable, such as a lack of facial expressions. Individuals may feel emotionally numb or disconnected, which can create barriers in social interactions and relationships.

It's not about having no feelings but experiencing a decrease in how these feelings are expressed or perceived. This symptom can make connecting with others challenging as the emotional cues that facilitate interactions are reduced. Recognizing and addressing emotional flatness is important for comprehensive management of schizophrenia, improving communication and interaction.

• Lack of facial expression
• Monotone voice
• Feeling emotionally numb
• Challenges in social interactions