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Chapter 10: Problem 2

Confabulated memories a. Are the result of motivated lying on the part of memory-implanters b. Are the result of motivated lying on the part of the memory-holder c. Can be just as strong, vivid, and retained for long periods of time as actual memories d. Decay swiftly over time, unlike actual memories, which decay slowly over time

Short Answer

Expert verified
Confabulated memories can be just as strong, vivid, and retained as actual memories (Option C).

Step by step solution

01

Understand Confabulated Memories

Confabulated memories refer to false or distorted recollections of events that are believed to be true by the person remembering them. These are not caused by deliberate deception, but rather by involuntary memory errors.
02

Analyze Option A

Option A suggests that confabulated memories are the result of motivated lying by those implanting them. However, confabulated memories occur independently of any deliberate actions by others to implant them, making this option incorrect.
03

Analyze Option B

Option B posits that confabulated memories result from motivated lying by the memory-holder. This option is incorrect because individuals with confabulated memories truly believe in their accuracy and are not intentionally deceiving anyone.
04

Analyze Option C

Option C proposes that confabulated memories can be as strong, vivid, and long-lasting as actual memories. This is correct because confabulated memories often feel just as real to the person as true memories.
05

Evaluate Option D

Option D claims that confabulated memories decay swiftly over time, unlike actual memories. This is incorrect because confabulated memories, like true memories, can be robust and persist for a long period.
06

Conclusion

After reviewing all options, the correct understanding of confabulated memories is that they can be as vivid and enduring as actual memories, as stated in Option C.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Confabulated Memories
Confabulated memories refer to recollections that are either completely false or are misinterpretations of a real event. Interestingly, these memories are held with confidence by the person and they genuinely believe that these recollections are accurate. Confabulated memories aren't the result of intentional deceit; rather, they emerge through a completely natural subconscious process.
  • Nature of Confabulation: These memories occur without the person's awareness that an error has been made. They're often filled with detailed narratives that can feel just as convincing as true memories.
  • Origins: Such memories can arise from various sources like misinterpreting an event, recalling dreams as real occurrences, or filling gaps in one鈥檚 memory with plausible details.
Confabulated memories can persist and can be vividly detailed, often making them difficult for the individual to distinguish from actual events.
False Recollections
False recollections refer to memories that are consistent with having never actually occurred, though the individual believes them to be true. While these could overlap with confabulated memories, false recollections can sometimes be attributed to external influences like misleading information or suggestibility.
  • Influence of External Factors: Such as suggestions during therapy or influenced questioning can lead to false memories. For example, in some legal cases, a person's memory might change due to the way questions are posed during interviews.
  • Brain's Role: The brain is wired to try and make sense of incomplete information. Sometimes, it fills in gaps with plausible but untrue details, resulting in a false recollection.
These false memories highlight the complexities of our memory systems and how susceptible they can be to errors.
Involuntary Memory Errors
Involuntary memory errors are unintentional inaccuracies in remembering past events. Unlike deliberate lies, these errors happen without conscious awareness and involve genuine memory distortions.
  • Unintentional Nature: Unlike intentional deception, involuntary memory errors happen beyond an individual's control. These errors can occur due to stress, trauma, or mere constructive aspects of the memory process.
  • Types of Errors: These can include things like source misattribution, where information is recalled but its source is misunderstood, or suggestibility, where the memories are swayed by another person's influence or statement.
These errors reflect the vulnerable nature of human memory and show how our subconscious can sometimes alter our perceptions of reality without us realizing it.
Memory Vividness
Memory vividness refers to how clear and detailed a memory appears to us. Often a measure of how convincing a memory can be, it is not always an indicator of accuracy. Both real and confabulated memories can appear equally vivid.
  • Intensity of Detail: Memories with a high level of sensory detail or emotional engagement tend to feel more vivid. However, this intensity does not guarantee factual correctness.
  • Emotional Connections: Memories tied to strong emotions, be they true or false, might be more vivid due to the emotional intensity associated with them. This can include both euphoric and traumatic experiences.
Vivid memories, whether true or distorted, often have a strong impact on our sense of reality because of their clarity and perceived authenticity.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The detective instructed the eyewitness, "Tell me which of the African American men you're about to see in the lineup stole your purse. They all have past criminal records for one offense or another." The witness recalled that the perpetrator had dark skin, but he might have been African American, Brazilian, Sri Lankan, or Haitian. Based on what you know about eyewitness identification, what is the witness likely to do? a. Tell the detective that her leading questions have tainted the identification process. b. Recognize that the men in the lineup might not have committed the crime. c. Ask the detective to display photographs of a much larger sample of suspects, one at a time. d. Misidentify one of the men in the lineup as the perpetrator.

Cue-dependent forgetting occurs when a. We lack retrieval cues to call up appropriate information from memory b. Recogrition memory is faster than recall memory c. Proactive interference is present, but not when retroactive interference is present d. Damage to the hippocampus makes memory storage difficult

"Cells that fire together, wire together." This expression (not taken literally) might describe which process that takes place among hippocampal cells during learning and memory formation? a. Stochastic synchronization b. Refractory disinhibition c. Bilateral continuity d. Long-term potentiation

Which of the following is a contemporary challenge to the three-box model of memory? a. Information-processing model b. Parallel distributed processing c. Mind-as-sieve hypothesis d. Ebbinghaus-Bartlett theory

Madison wants to remember the telephone number of the man she just met, so she repeats it over and over to keep it in short-term memory: 555-3825 ...555-3825 ... 555-3825. What rehearsal strategy is Madison using? a. Deep processing b. Elaborative rehearsal c. Maintenance rehearsal d. Effortful encoding
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