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Chapter 2: Q5DQ (page 537)
Symphonic musicians always 鈥渨arm up鈥� their wind instruments by blowing into them before a performance. What purpose
does this serve?
The constant temperature of body air helps the instrument to work well at the resonant frequencies.
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The intensity due to a number of independent sound sources is the sum of the individual intensities. (a) When four quadruplets cry simultaneously, how many decibels greater is the sound intensity level than when a single one cries? (b) To increase the sound intensity level again by the same number of decibels as in part (a), how many more crying babies are required?
Two small stereo speakers are driven in step by the same variable-frequency oscillator. Their sound is picked up by a microphone. For what frequencies does their sound at the speakers produce (a) constructive interference and (b) destructive interference?
A railroad train is traveling at 25m/s in still air. The frequency of the note emitted by the locomotive whistle is 400Hz. What is the wavelength of the sound waves (a) in front of the locomotive and (b) behind the locomotive? What is the frequency of the sound heard by a stationary listener (c) in front of the locomotive and (d) behind the locomotive?
Two loudspeakers, A and B (see Fig. E16.35), are driven by the same amplifier and emit sinusoidal waves in phase. Speaker B is 2.00 m to the right of speaker A. The frequency of the sound waves produced by the loudspeakers is 206 Hz. Consider a point P between the speakers and along the line connecting them, a distance x to the right of A. Both speakers emit sound waves that travel directly from the speaker to point P. For what values of x will (a) destructive interference occur at P; (b) constructive interference occur at P? (c) Interference effects like those in parts (a) and (b) are almost never a factor in listening to home stereo equipment. Why not?
A long tube contains air at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 77.0掳C. The tube is open at one end and closed at the other by a movable piston. A tuning fork that vibrates with a frequency of 500 Hz is placed near the open end. Resonance is produced when the piston is at distances 18.0 cm, 55.5 cm, and 93.0 cm from the open end. (a) From these values, what is the speed of sound in air at 77.0掳C? (b) From the result of part (a), what is the value of g? (c) These results show that a displacement antinode is slightly outside the open end of the tube. How far outside is it?
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