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Chapter 3: Q3DQ (page 609)
When a car is driven some distance, the air pressure in the tires increases. Why? Should you let out some air to reduce the pressure? Why or why not?
Answer
Due to the increase intemperature, pressure in the tires increases
Don'tlet some air out to reduce the pressure
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Old-time kitchen lore suggests that things cook better (evenly and without burning) in heavy cast-iron pots. What desirable characteristics do such pots have?
The prevailing winds on the Hawaiian island of Kauai blow from the northeast. The winds cool as they go up the slope of Mt. Waialeale (elevation 1523 m), causing water vapor to condense and rain to fall. There is much more precipitation at the summit than at the base of the mountain. In fact, Mt. Waialeale is the rainiest spot on earth, averaging 11.7 m of rainfall a year. But what makes the winds cool?
A rigid, perfectly insulated container has a membrane dividing its volume in half. One side contains a gas at an absolute temperature and pressure , while the other half is completely empty. Suddenly a small hole develops in the membrane, allowing the gas to leak out into the other half until it eventually occupies twice its original volume. In terms of and , what will be the new temperature and pressure of the gas when it is distributed equally in both halves of the container? Explain your reasoning.
In deriving the ideal-gas equation from the kinetic molecular model, we ignored potential energy due to the earth鈥檚 gravity. Is this omission justified? Why or why not?
Imagine a special air filter placed in a window of a house. The tiny holes in the filter allow only air molecules moving faster than a certain speed to exit the house, and allow only air molecules moving slower than that speed to enter the house from outside. What effect would this filter have on the temperature inside the house? (It turns out that the second law of thermodynamics鈥攚hich we will discuss in Chapter 20鈥攖ells us that such a wonderful air filter would be impossible to make.)
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