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Chapter 3: Q20E (page 641)
When a quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands at a constant pressure of , the volume of the gas increases fromrole="math" localid="1664296449974" to . What is the change in the internal energy of the gas?
The change in the internal energy would be 360J.
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Figure P19.43 shows a pV-diagram for 0.0040 mol of ideal gas. The temperature of the gas does not change during segment bc. (a) What volume does this gas occupy at point c? (b) Find the temperature of the gas at points a, b, and c. (c) How much heat went into or out of the gas during segments ab, ca, and bc? Indicate whether the heat has gone into or out of the gas. (d) Find the change in the internal energy of this hydrogen during segments ab, bc, and ca. Indicate whether the internal energy increased or decreased during each segment.
Three moles of an ideal gas are taken around cycle acb shown in Fig. P19.42 . For this gas, . Process ac is at constant pressure, process ba is at constant volume, and process cb is adiabatic. The temperatures of the gas in states a, c, and b are and . Calculate the total work for the cycle.
Engine Turbochargers and Intercoolers. The power output of an automobile engine is directly proportional to the mass of air that can be forced into the volume of the engine鈥檚 cylinders to react chemically with gasoline. Many cars have a turbocharger, which compresses the air before it enters the engine, giving a greater mass of air per volume. This rapid, essentially adiabatic compression also heats the air. To compress it further, the air then passes through an intercooler in which the air exchanges heat with its surroundings at essentially constant pressure. The air is then drawn into the cylinders. In a typical installation, air is taken into the turbocharger at atmospheric pressure 11.01 * 105 Pa2, density r = 1.23 kg>m3, and temperature 15.0掳C. It is compressed adiabatically to 1.45 * 105 Pa. In the intercooler, the air is cooled to the original temperature of 15.0掳C at a constant pressure of 1.45 * 105 Pa. (a) Draw a pV-diagram for this sequence of processes. (b) If the volume of one of the engine鈥檚 cylinders is 575 cm3 , what mass of air exiting from the intercooler will fill the cylinder at 1.45 * 105 Pa? Compared to the power output of an engine that takes in air at 1.01 * 105 Pa at 15.0掳C, what percentage increase in power is obtained by using the turbocharger and intercooler? (c) If the intercooler is not used, what mass of air exiting from the turbocharger will fill the cylinder at 1.45 * 105 Pa? Compared to the power output of an engine that takes in air at 1.01 * 105 Pa at 15.0掳C, what percentage increase in power is obtained by using the turbocharger alone?
An empty cylindrical canister 1.50 m long and 90.0 cm in diameter is to be filled with pure oxygen at 22.0掳C to store in a space station. To hold as much gas as possible, the absolute pressure of the oxygen will be 21.0 atm. The molar mass of oxygen is 32.0 g>mol. (a) How many moles of oxygen does this canister hold? (b) For someone lifting this canister, by how many kilograms does this gas increase the mass to be lifted?
20.27 (a) Calculate the change in entropy when 1.00 kg of water at is vaporized and converted to steam at (see Table 17.4). (b) Compare your answer to the change in entropy when 1.00 kg of ice is melted at , calculated in Example 20.5 (Section 20.7). Is the change in entropy greater for melting or for vaporization? Interpret your answer using the idea that entropy is a measure of the randomness of a system
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