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Chapter 5: Q3DQ (page 1104)
A beam of light goes from one material into another. On physical grounds, explain why the wavelength changes but the frequency and period do not.
Wavelength changes as the waves lose some of their energy while the frequency and the period are the same as the exerted force.
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Question: A reflecting telescope (Fig. E34.63) is to be made by using a spherical mirror with a radius of curvature of 1.30 m and an eyepiece with a focal length of 1.10 cm. The final image is at infinity. (a) What should the distance between the eyepiece and the mirror vertex be if the object is taken to be at infinity? (b) What will the angular magnification be?
A spherical mirror is cut in half horizontally. Will an image be formed by the bottom half of the mirror? If so, where will the image be formed?
The eyes of amphibians such as frogs have a much flatter cornea but a more strongly curved (almost spherical) lens than do the eyes of air-dwelling mammals. In mammalian eyes, the shape (and therefore the focal length) of the lens changes to enable the eye to focus at different distances. In amphibian eyes, the shape of the lens doesn鈥檛 change. Amphibians focus on objects at different distances by using specialized muscles to move the lens closer to or farther from the retina, like the focusing mechanism of a camera. In air, most frogs are near-sighted; correcting the distance vision of a typical frog in air would require contact lenses with a power of about -6.0 D .A frog can see an insect clearly at a distance of 10cm. At that point the effective distance from the lens to the retina is 8 mm. If the insect moves farther from the frog, by how much and in which direction does the lens of the frog鈥檚 eye have to move to keep the insect in focus? (a) 0.02 cm toward the retina; (b)0.02 cm, away from the retina; (c)0.06 cm, toward the retina; (d)0.06 cm, away from the retina.
The laws of optics also apply to electromagnetic waves invisible to the eye. A satellite TV dish is used to detect radio waves coming from orbiting satellites. Why is a curved reflecting surface (a 鈥渄ish鈥�) used? The dish is always concave, never convex; why? The actual radio receiver is placed on an arm and suspended in front of the dish. How far in front of the dish should it be placed?
Two speakers, emitting identical sound waves of wavelength 2.0 m in phase with each other, and an observer are located as shown in Fig. E35.5. (a) At the observer鈥檚 location, what is the path difference for waves from the two speakers? (b) Will the sound waves interfere constructively or destructively at the observer鈥檚 location鈥攐r something in between constructive and destructive? (c) Suppose the observer now increases her distance from the closest speaker to 17.0 m, staying directly in front of the same speaker as initially. Answer the questions of parts (a) and (b) for this new situation.
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