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One of the brightest comets of the 20th century was Comet Hyakutake, which passed close to the sun in early 1996. The orbital period of this comet is estimated to be about 30,000 years. Find the semi-major axis of this comet鈥檚 orbit. Compare it to the average sun鈥揚luto distance and to the distance to Alpha Centauri, the nearest star to the sun, which is 4.3 light-years distant.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The semi-major axis of the comet's orbit is,1.661041鈥尘 and it is less than the Sun-Pluto distance and less than the distance of the Alpha Centauri from the sun.

Step by step solution

01

Identification of the given data

  • The orbital period of the comet is 30000鈥墆别补谤蝉.
02

Significance of the Kepler’s third law on a comet

The law elucidates that a planet鈥檚 鈥渙rbital period鈥檚 square鈥 is directly proportional to the orbit鈥檚 鈥渟emi-major axes鈥 cube of a particular planet or comet.

The product of the square of the time period and the Kepler's constant gives the semi-major axis of the comet.

03

Determination of the semi-major axis of the comet's orbit

From Kepler鈥檚 third law, the semi-major axis of the comet鈥檚 orbit can be expressed as-

a3=T2GMs42

Here, a is the semi-major axis, T is the time period , and G is the gravitational constant 6.671011鈥塏尘2/kg2. The mass of the sun is 1.991030鈥塳驳.

Substituting the value in the above equation, we get-

a3=(30000鈥塪补测蝉)2(6.671011鈥塏尘2/kg2)(1.991030)4(3.14)2a3=3.0291027鈥尘a=1.661041鈥尘

Hence, the semi-major axis of the comet's orbit is 1.661041鈥尘.

The average Sun-Pluto distance 5.9091012鈥尘is less than the semi-major axis.

The distance of Alpha Centauri is 4.3 light-years which is4.131016鈥尘 that is less than the semi-major axis of the comet.

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