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Chapter 1: Q37DQ (page 124)

In a head-on collision between a compact 1000-kg car and a large 2500-kg car, which one experiences the greater force? Explain. Which one experiences the greater acceleration? Explain why. Why are passengers in the small car more likely to be injured than those in the large car, even when the two car bodies are equally strong?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The forces on the two cars are equal. The 1000 kg car experiences more acceleration. The passengers in the 1000 kg car are more likely to be injured due to inertia of motion.

Step by step solution

01

Given data

There is a head-on collision between a 1000 kg car and a 2500 kg car.

02

Concept of Inertia of motion and laws of motion

A body in motion tends to be in motion unless an external force acts on it.

According to Newton's third law of motion every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

According to Newton's second law of motion the force applied on a body is equal to its mass times its acceleration.

03

Determine force and acceleration of the two cars

According to Newton's third law of motion, the two cars on collision impart equal and opposite forces on each other. Thus, the two forces are equal.

According to Newton's second law of motion, the ratio of acceleration (or retardation in this case) produced in the two cars is the inverse of the ratio of the masses since the forces are equal. Thus, the 1000 kg car experiences a greater acceleration.

Since the 1000 kg car will experience a larger retardation it will stop more quickly. Thus the passengers, who tend to keep moving due to inertia of motion are more likely to be injured in the 1000 kg car.

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