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Chapter 1: Q32E (page 230)

The potential energy of a pair of hydrogen atoms separated by a large distance x is given by U(x)=-C6/x6, where C6 is a positive constant. What is the force that one atom exerts on the other? Is this force attractive or repulsive?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The attractive force -6C6x7 is exerted by one atom on another atom.

Step by step solution

01

Given Data:

The potential energy of the particle isU(x)=-C6x6

02

Potential Energy:

The energy of a particle due to its position from some reference position is called the potential energy and its derivative gives the force on the particle.

03

Determination of formula for the force of one atom on another atom

The magnitude of the force is given as:

F=-dUdx

04

Determination of the force of one atom on another atom

Substitute all the values in the above equation and we get,

F=-ddx-C6x6F=--C6-6x7F=-6C6x7

The sign of the force between atoms is negative so the force exerted by one hydrogen atom on the other is attractive.

Therefore, the attractive force -6C6x7 is exerted by one atom on another atom.

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