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Chapter 1: Q19DQ (page 228)

For a system of two particles we often let the potential energy for the force between the particles approach zero as the separation of the particles approaches infinity. If this choice is made, explain why the potential energy at noninfinite separation is positive if the particles repel one another and negative if they attract

Short Answer

Expert verified

The potential energy is positive as the force acts in the opposite direction of the potential energy and the potential energy is negative as the force acts in the direction of the potential energy.

Step by step solution

01

Significance of the potential energy

Potential energy is referred to as the energy that an object possesses due to its position. The potential energy gets converted into kinetic energy when objects start to move.

02

Determination of the potential energy

The potential energy has a maximum value if the repelling particles are next to each other. Hence, the force acts for separating the particles and with the increase in the distance, the potential energy decreases.

On the other hand, the potential energy becomes zero for the particles if the particles attract each other and they are at an infinite distance. But as the distance decreases, the potential energy becomes negative as the force mainly acts in the direction of the potential energy.

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