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Chapter 1: Q11DQ (page 123)
Why is the earth only approximately an inertial reference frame?
Earth is not considered to be a perfect inertial reference frame because of the small effect of the earth鈥檚 rotational motion and the motion around the sun.
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The acceleration of a particle is given by . (a) Find the initial velocitysuch that the particle will have the same x-coordinate atas it had at. (b) What will be the velocity at?
You normally drive on the freeway between San Diego and Los Angeles at an average speed of 105 km/h (65 mi/h), and the trip takes 1 h and 50 min. On a Friday afternoon, however, heavy traffic slows you down and you drive the same distance at an average speed of only 70 km/h (43 mi/h). How much longer does the trip take?
The most efficient way to send a spacecraft from the earth to
another planet is to use a Hohmann transfer orbit(Fig. P13.79). If the orbits of
the departure and destination planets are circular, the Hohmann transfer orbit
is an elliptical orbit whose perihelion and aphelion are tangent to the orbits of
the two planets. The rockets are fired briefly at the departure planet to put the spacecraft into the transfer orbit; the spacecraft then coasts until it reaches
the destination planet. The rockets are then fired again to put the spacecraft
into the same orbit about the sun as the destination planet. (a) For a flight from
earth to Mars, in what direction must the rockets be fired at the earth and at
Mars: in the direction of motion or opposite the direction of motion? What
about for a flight from Mars to the earth? (b) How long does a one-way trip
from the earth to Mars take, between the firings of the rockets? (c) To reach
Mars from the earth, the launch must be timed so that Mars will be at the right
spot when the spacecraft reaches Mars鈥檚 orbit around the sun. At launch, what
must the angle between a sun鈥揗ars line and a sun鈥揺arth line be? Use
Appendix F.
A bird is flying due east. Its distance from a tall building is given by
.What is the instantaneous velocity of the bird when t = 8.00 s?
A ball is thrown straight up from the edge of the roof of a building. A second ball is dropped from the roof later. Ignore air resistance. (a) If the height of the building is, what must the initial speed of the first ball be if both are to hit the ground at the same time? On the same graph, sketch the positions of both balls as a function of time, measured from when the first ball is thrown. Consider the same situation, but now let the initial speedof the first ball be given and treat the heightof the building as an unknown. (b) What must the height of the building be for both balls to reach the ground at the same time if (i)localid="1655791911691" ? (c) Ifis greater than some value, no value ofexists that allows both balls to hit the ground at the same time. Solve for. The valuehas a simple physical interpretation. What is it? (d) Ifis less than some value, no value ofexists that allows both balls to hit the ground at the same time. Solve for. The valuealso has a simple physical interpretation. What is it?
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