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Chapter 39: Problem 7

Which of the following experiments proved the existence of the nucleus? a) the photoelectric effect b) the Millikan oil-drop experiment c) the Rutherford scattering experiment d) the Stern-Gerlach experiment

Short Answer

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a) Photoelectric effect b) Millikan oil-drop experiment c) Rutherford scattering experiment d) Stern-Gerlach experiment Answer: c) Rutherford scattering experiment

Step by step solution

01

Briefly describe each experiment

These are the summaries of the given experiments: a) The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon where electrons are emitted from a material after the absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation, typically in the form of visible or ultraviolet light. b) The Millikan oil-drop experiment measured the charge of an electron by observing and calculating the motion of tiny oil droplets in an electric field. c) The Rutherford scattering experiment consisted of firing alpha particles (helium nuclei) at a thin gold foil and measuring the distribution of the scattered particles. This experiment revealed the existence of a nucleus in an atom. d) The Stern-Gerlach experiment measured the deflection of single silver atoms subjected to an inhomogeneous magnetic field, demonstrating the quantization of angular momentum.
02

Identify the experiment related to the nucleus

The experiment which provided evidence for the existence of the nucleus is the Rutherford scattering experiment (c). This experiment showed that the vast majority of the mass of an atom is concentrated in its center, which is now known as the nucleus.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw a quark-level Feynman diagram for the decay of a neutral kaon into two charged pions, \(K^{0} \rightarrow \pi^{+}+\pi^{-}\).

Draw a Feynman diagram for an electron-proton scattering, \(e^{-}+p \rightarrow e^{-}+p\), mediated by photon exchange.

\( \mathrm{~A} 6.50-\mathrm{MeV}\) alpha particle is incident on a lead nucleus. Because of the Coulomb force between them, the alpha particle will approach the nucleus only to a minimum distance, \(r_{\text {min }}\) a) Determine \(r_{\text {min }}\). b) If the kinetic energy of the alpha particle is increased, will the particle's distance of approach increase, decrease, or remain the same? Explain.

The de Broglie wavelength, \(\lambda\), of a 5-MeV alpha particle is \(6.4 \mathrm{fm}\), as shown in this chapter, and the closest distance, \(r_{\text {min }}\), to the gold nucleus this alpha particle can get is \(45.5 \mathrm{fm}\) (calculated in Example 39.1). Based on the fact that \(\lambda \ll r_{\text {min }}\), one can conclude that, for this Rutherford scattering experiment, it is adequate to treat the alpha particle as a a) particle. b) wave.

A free neutron decays into a proton and an electron (and an anti-neutrino). A free proton has never been observed to decay into anything. Why then do we consider the neutron to be as "fundamental" (at the nuclear level) a particle as the proton? Why do we not consider a neutron to be a proton-electron composite?
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