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Chapter 22: Problem 12

Why is it a bad idea to stand under a tree in a thunderstorm? What should one do instead to avoid getting struck by lightning?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Standing under a tree during a thunderstorm is dangerous because lightning can strike the tree and transmit electricity through the ground, harming nearby individuals. Additionally, lightning can cause the tree to explode or break apart, sending debris flying. Safer alternatives include moving indoors, getting inside a hard-topped vehicle, or adopting the lightning crouch if no shelter is available. Remember the 30/30 rule to ensure safety during thunderstorms.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Lightning and Trees

Lightning is a powerful electrical discharge that occurs during thunderstorms. It tends to strike taller objects like trees, because they provide a more direct path for the electrical current to reach the ground. When lightning hits a tree, the electrical energy can travel down the trunk and into the earth, posing a threat to anyone standing nearby.
02

Dangers of Standing Under a Tree

There are several reasons why standing under a tree during a thunderstorm is dangerous: 1. If the tree is struck by lightning, the electricity can be transmitted through the roots and into the ground, causing harm to anyone nearby. 2. Lightning can cause the sap inside the tree to rapidly heat and expand, potentially causing the tree to explode or break apart, sending dangerous debris flying in all directions. This poses a significant risk to anyone in the vicinity. 3. Trees offer little protection from the rain, hail, and strong winds typically associated with thunderstorms. This can leave individuals vulnerable to other hazards during the storm.
03

Safer Alternatives

Instead of seeking shelter under a tree in a thunderstorm, consider the following alternatives to protect yourself from lightning: 1. Move indoors: The safest place to be during a thunderstorm is inside a building. Make sure to stay away from windows and avoid using electronics connected to power outlets, as lightning can travel through electrical wiring. 2. Get inside a vehicle: If you are unable to find a building for shelter, get inside a hard-topped vehicle with the windows closed. The metal frame of the car can help to dissipate the electrical charge from a lightning strike. 3. Adopt the lightning crouch: If you are caught outside with no available shelter, minimize your contact with the ground by crouching down with your feet together, head tucked, and hands covering your ears. This position helps to minimize the risk of injury from ground currents and reduces your height to make you less likely to be struck by lightning directly. Always pay close attention to weather forecasts and plan accordingly to avoid being caught outdoors in a thunderstorm. If you hear thunder, remember the 30/30 rule: seek shelter if the time between the lightning flash and thunder is less than 30 seconds, and wait at least 30 minutes after hearing the last thunder before resuming outdoor activities.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A proton enters the gap between a pair of metal plates (an electrostatic separator) that produces a uniform, vertical electric field between them. Ignore the effect of gravity on the proton. a) Assuming that the length of the plates is \(15.0 \mathrm{~cm}\), and that the proton will approach the plates at a speed of \(15.0 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{s}\) what electric field strength should the plates be designed to provide, if the proton must be deflected vertically by \(1.50 \cdot 10^{-3} \mathrm{rad} ?\) b) What speed does the proton have after exiting the electric field? c) Suppose the proton is one in a beam of protons that has been contaminated with positively charged kaons, particles whose mass is \(494 \mathrm{MeV} / \mathrm{c}^{2}\left(8.81 \cdot 10^{-28} \mathrm{~kg}\right)\), compared to the mass of the proton, which is \(938 \mathrm{MeV} / \mathrm{c}^{2}\left(1.67 \cdot 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\right)\) The kaons have \(+1 e\) charge, just like the protons. If the electrostatic separator is designed to give the protons a deflection of \(1.20 \cdot 10^{-3} \mathrm{rad}\), what deflection will kaons with the same momentum as the protons experience?

A sphere centered at the origin has a volume charge distribution of \(120 \mathrm{nC} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) and a radius of \(12 \mathrm{~cm}\). The sphere is centered inside a conducting spherical shell with an inner radius of \(30.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) and an outer radius of \(50.0 \mathrm{~cm}\). The charge on the spherical shell is \(-2.0 \mathrm{mC}\). What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field at each of the following distances from the origin? a) at \(r=10.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) c) at \(r=40.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) b) at \(r=20.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) d) at \(r=80.0 \mathrm{~cm}\)

Consider a long horizontally oriented conducting wire with \(\lambda=4.81 \cdot 10^{-12} \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{m} .\) A proton \(\left(\mathrm{mass}=1.67 \cdot 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\right)\) is placed \(0.620 \mathrm{~m}\) above the wire and released. What is the magnitude of the initial acceleration of the proton?

Electric dipole moments of molecules are often measured in debyes \((\mathrm{D}),\) where \(1 \mathrm{D}=3.34 \cdot 10^{-30} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{m} .\) For instance, the dipole moment of hydrogen chloride gas molecules is \(1.05 \mathrm{D}\). Calculate the maximum torque such a molecule can experience in the presence of an electric field of magnitude \(160.0 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{C}\).

A thin, hollow, metal cylinder of radius \(R\) has a surface charge distribution \(\sigma\). A long, thin wire with a linear charge density \(\lambda / 2\) runs through the center of the cylinder. Find an expression for the electric fields and the direction of the field at each of the following locations: a) \(r \leq R\) b) \(r \geq R\)
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