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A pulse can be described as a single wave disturbance that moves through a medium. Consider a pulse that is \(\begin{array}{llllll}\text { defined } & \text { at } & \text { time } & t=0.00 \mathrm{s} & \text { by } & \text { the equation }\end{array}\) \(y(x)=\frac{6.00 \mathrm{m}^{3}}{x^{2}+2.00 \mathrm{m}^{2}}\) centered around \(x=0.00 \mathrm{m} .\) The pulse moves with a velocity of \(v=3.00 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\) in the positive \(x\) -direction. (a) What is the amplitude of the pulse? (b) What is the equation of the pulse as a function of position and time? (c) Where is the pulse centered at time \(t=5.00 \mathrm{s} ?\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The amplitude of the pulse is \(A = 3.00 \mathrm{m}\). (b) The equation of the pulse as a function of position and time is \(y(x,t) = \frac{6.00 \mathrm{m}^{3}}{(x-3.00 \mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s} \times t)^{2}+2.00 \mathrm{m}^{2}}\). (c) The pulse is centered around x = 15.00m at time t = 5.00s.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Find the amplitude of the pulse

First, let's find the maximum value of the function \(y(x)=\frac{6.00 \mathrm{m} ^{3}}{x^{2}+2.00 \mathrm{m}^{2}}\). To find the maximum value, we can take the derivative of y(x) with respect to x and set it equal to zero. By examining the function, we can see that the maximum value occurs at x = 0.00m. Therefore, the amplitude of the pulse is: \(A = y(0) = \frac{6.00 \mathrm{m}^{3}}{0^{2}+2.00 \mathrm{m}^{2}} = 3.00 \mathrm{m}\)
02

(b) Find the equation of the pulse as a function of position and time

Now that we have the amplitude of the pulse, we can determine the equation of the pulse as a function of position and time. Since the pulse is moving with a velocity of 3.00 m/s in the positive x-direction, we can incorporate this into our equation: \(y(x,t) = \frac{6.00 \mathrm{m}^{3}}{(x-3.00 \mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s} \times t)^{2}+2.00 \mathrm{m}^{2}}\)
03

(c) Find the center of the pulse at time t=5.00s

Finally, we need to determine the center of the pulse at time t=5.00s. To do this, we will use the equation we derived in part (b) and substitute t = 5.00s: Center of the pulse at t = 5.00s: \(x_{center}(t=5.00 \mathrm{s}) = 3.00 \mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s} \times 5.00 \mathrm{s} = 15.00 \mathrm{m}\) The pulse is centered around x = 15.00m at time t = 5.00s.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Amplitude of a Pulse
The amplitude of a wave pulse is a measure of how far the medium's particles are displaced from their resting positions when the pulse passes through. In the context of the exercise, the amplitude specifically refers to the maximum displacement of the pulse along the y-axis, which can be found by evaluating the wave function, \( y(x) \), at the point where the displacement is greatest.

For the given wave function, \( y(x) = \frac{6.00 \mathrm{m}^{3}}{x^{2} + 2.00 \mathrm{m}^{2}} \), the amplitude is determined by looking for the peak of the function, which occurs at the position where the denominator is smallest—since x is squared, this is at \( x = 0.00 \mathrm{m} \). Substituting this value into the equation yields the amplitude, \( A = y(0) = 3.00 \mathrm{m} \). This value represents the maximum height of the pulse relative to the equilibrium position of the medium.
Wave Function
The wave function in physics provides a mathematical description of the shape and movement of a wave, and in this case, a pulse moving through a medium. The wave function, \( y(x, t) \), depends on both position, \( x \), and time, \( t \), which allows us to visualize how the wave pulse evolves as time progresses.

From the solution, the equation of the pulse as a function of time and position develops from the initial wave function by incorporating the effect of the pulse's velocity. The resulting wave function, \( y(x,t) = \frac{6.00 \mathrm{m}^{3}}{(x - 3.00 \mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s} \times t)^{2} + 2.00 \mathrm{m}^{2}} \), accounts for the pulse moving in the positive x-direction at a constant speed. Hence, the evolution of the pulse's position over time can be tracked by simply plugging in the values of \( x \) and \( t \) into this equation.
Pulse Propagation
Pulse propagation refers to the movement of a wave pulse through a medium over time. In this scenario, the pulse propagates along the x-axis in the positive direction with a constant velocity, \( v \), which is given as 3.00 m/s. The speed of propagation is critical in determining where the pulse will be at a given time.

Using the wave equation that includes time, the location of the pulse's center at any time \( t \) can be determined by finding the value of \( x \) where the function \( y(x,t) \) is maximum. Since the pulse maintains its shape and velocity, the position of its peak at any time can be calculated using the provided equation. For example, at \( t = 5.00 \mathrm{s} \), the center of the pulse can be determined by multiplying the velocity by time, resulting in \( x_{center}(t=5.00 \mathrm{s}) = 15.00 \mathrm{m} \). This gives us the new center of the pulse after five seconds of propagation.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A string with a mass of \(0.30 \mathrm{kg}\) has a length of \(4.00 \mathrm{m}\). If the tension in the string is \(50.00 \mathrm{N},\) and a sinusoidal wave with an amplitude of \(2.00 \mathrm{cm}\) is induced on the string, what must the frequency be for an average power of \(100.00 \mathrm{W}\) ?

A transverse wave on a string is described with the wave function $$y(x, t)=(0.50 \mathrm{cm}) \sin \left(1.57 \mathrm{m}^{-1} x-6.28 \mathrm{s}^{-1} t\right)$$,What is the wave velocity of the wave? (b) What is the magnitude of the maximum velocity of the string perpendicular to the direction of the motion?

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A swimmer in the ocean observes one day that the ocean surface waves are periodic and resemble a sine wave. The swimmer estimates that the vertical distance between the crest and the trough of each wave is approximately 0.45 \(\mathrm{m},\) and the distance between each crest is approximately 1.8 m. The swimmer counts that 12 waves pass every two minutes. Determine the simple harmonic wave function that would describes these waves.

Two strings are attached to poles, however the first string is twice as long as the second. If both strings have the same tension and mu, what is the ratio of the speed of the pulse of the wave from the first string to the second string?

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