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Chapter 16: Problem 22

What property of light corresponds to loudness in sound?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The property of light that corresponds to loudness in sound is the intensity. Intensity in both sound and light waves is related to the energy of the wave, and our perception of loudness in sound and brightness in light is directly related to the energy present in the waves. In summary, the louder the sound, the higher its amplitude and intensity, and the brighter the light, the higher its intensity.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the properties of sound and light

Sound and light are both waves that transfer energy. Sound waves are called mechanical waves because they need a medium (such as air, water, or a solid object) to travel through. Light waves, on the other hand, do not need a medium and can travel through a vacuum. Sound waves are typically described by properties such as frequency, wavelength, and amplitude, while light waves are described by properties such as frequency, wavelength, speed, and intensity.
02

Identify the property related to loudness in sound waves

The loudness of sound is related to a wave's amplitude. Amplitude of a sound wave determines the intensity or energy of the sound, which is perceived as loudness. Greater amplitude of a sound wave corresponds to higher intensity and therefore a louder sound.
03

Find the corresponding property in light waves

Since the loudness in sound is related to the amplitude of the sound waves, we need to find a property of light waves that is related to amplitude as well. In light waves, the property that corresponds to amplitude is intensity. Intensity, similar to amplitude in sound waves, represents the amount of energy in the light wave. Higher intensity of the light wave means that it is "brighter" or more "powerful".
04

Connect the properties of loudness and intensity

The property of light that corresponds to loudness in sound is the intensity. Intensity in both sound and light waves is related to the energy of the wave, and our perception of loudness in sound and brightness in light is directly related to the energy present in the waves. In summary, the louder the sound, the higher its amplitude and intensity, and the brighter the light, the higher its intensity.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Sound Waves
Sound waves are fascinating phenomena that allow us to experience the world of acoustics. They are mechanical waves, which means they need a medium like air, water, or a solid substance to travel through. This is why we can hear sound underwater or when someone speaks through a wall.

Sound waves are characterized by several key properties. These include:
  • Frequency 鈥� determines the pitch of the sound
  • Wavelength 鈥� the distance between two consecutive points of the same phase on the wave
  • Amplitude 鈥� the maximum displacement of particles in the medium from their resting position, which correlates with loudness
Understanding these properties helps explain why different sounds appear to us in unique ways. Amplitude, in particular, plays a crucial role in how loud we perceive a sound to be.
Light Waves
Light waves are fascinating because unlike sound waves, they can travel without a medium. This is why we can see the sunlight in the vacuum of space! They are a form of electromagnetic radiation and share many properties with other kinds of waves, such as:
  • Frequency 鈥� which determines the color of light
  • Wavelength 鈥� the distance between peaks in the wave
  • Intensity 鈥� which indicates how bright the light appears
  • Speed 鈥� usually measured at about 299,792 kilometers per second in a vacuum
Light's ability to travel without a medium allows it to perform important roles in our lives, from illuminating our surroundings to allowing us to explore the universe.
Amplitude
Amplitude is a core concept both in sound and light waves, representing the wave's energy. In sound waves, amplitude signals how intense or loud a sound is. Think of a drum being tapped gently versus struck with force; the difference in loudness relates directly to the wave's amplitude.

In the realm of sound:
  • Larger amplitude means louder sound
  • More energy is required to produce higher amplitude
Light waves, however, do not use amplitude to describe 'loudness' but rather use intensity, which is often colloquially related to amplitude. Understanding amplitude is critical because it's fundamental to how we perceive different strengths and energies in waves in various contexts.
Intensity
Intensity is an important wave property that connects directly with amplitude for sound and with brightness for light. In sound waves, intensity influences how loud we perceive the sound to be. Higher intensity means more energy, which usually results from larger amplitude.

For light waves:
  • Intensity correlates with brightness
  • Reflects the power of the light wave per unit area
  • More intense light appears more brilliant and can illuminate spaces more effectively
Intensity is therefore the property of light that can be compared to loudness in sound, because they both involve the energy carried by the wave and impact our sensory experiences.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A radio station broadcasts at a frequency of \(760 \mathrm{kHz}\) At a receiver some distance from the antenna, the maximum magnetic field of the electromagnetic wave detected is \(2.15 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{T}\) (a) What is the maximum electric field? (b) What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave?

A parallel-plate capacitor with plate separation \(d\) is connected to a source of emf that places a time-dependent voltage \(V(t)\) across its circular plates of radius \(r_{0}\) and area \(A=\pi r_{0}^{2}(\text { see below })\) (a) Write an expression for the time rate of change of energy inside the capacitor in terms of \(V(t)\) and \(d V(t) / d t\) (b) Assuming that \(V(t)\) is increasing with time, identify the directions of the electric field lines inside the capacitor and of the magnetic field lines at the edge of the region between the plates, and then the direction of the Poynting vector \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{S}}\) at this location. (c) Obtain expressions for the time dependence of \(E(t),\) for \(B(t)\) from the displacement current, and for the magnitude of the Poynting vector at the edge of the region between the plates. (d) From \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{S}}\), obtain an expression in terms of \(V(t)\) and \(d V(t) / d t\) for the rate at which electromagnetic field energy enters the region between the plates. (e) Compare the results of parts (a) and (d) and explain the relationship between them.

A potential difference \(V(t)=V_{0} \sin \omega t \quad\) is maintained across a parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance \(C\) consisting of two circular parallel plates. A thin wire with resistance \(R\) connects the centers of the two plates, allowing charge to leak between plates while they are charging. (a) Obtain expressions for the leakage current \(I_{\text {res }}(t)\) in the thin wire. Use these results to obtain an expression for the current \(I_{\text {real }}(t)\) in the wires connected to the capacitor. (b) Find the displacement current in the space between the plates from the changing electric field between the plates. (c) Compare \(I_{\text {real }}(t)\) with the sum of the displacement current \(I_{\mathrm{d}}(t)\) and resistor current \(I_{\mathrm{res}}(t)\) between the plates, and explain why the relationship you observe would be expected.

A 150-W lightbulb emits 5\% of its energy as electromagnetic radiation. What is the magnitude of the average Poynting vector \(10 \mathrm{m}\) from the bulb?

A microwave oven uses electromagnetic waves of frequency \(f=2.45 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{Hz}\) to heat foods. The waves reflect from the inside walls of the oven to produce an interference pattern of standing waves whose antinodes are hot spots that can leave observable pit marks in some foods. The pit marks are measured to be \(6.0 \mathrm{cm}\) apart. Use the method employed by Heinrich Hertz to calculate the speed of electromagnetic waves this implies.
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