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Chapter 18: Problem 13

Describe the energy source that causes a protostar to shine. How does this source differ from the energy source inside a main-sequence star?

Short Answer

Expert verified
A protostar shines due to energy from gravitational contraction, while a main-sequence star shines due to energy produced by nuclear fusion in its core. The primary differences between these sources are the type of energy conversion and the stage of stellar evolution during which they occur.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the energy source of a protostar

The energy that causes a protostar to shine comes from the process of gravitational contraction. A protostar is formed when a giant molecular cloud in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) collapses under its own gravitational pull. As the cloud collapses, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, heating up the material of the protostar and causing it to shine.
02

Identify the energy source of a main-sequence star

A main sequence star, on the other hand, shines due to nuclear fusion in its core. This process involves the fusion of Hydrogen nuclei (protons) into Helium, releasing a vast amount of energy in the form of light and heat. This process is also known as the proton-proton chain reaction.
03

Compare the energy sources

These energy sources differ in two primary ways: the type of energy conversion and the stage of stellar evolution. In a protostar, gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy which then heats up the protostar. This happens during the star's formation phase. In a main sequence star, nuclear energy is released through fusion during the star's 'adult' stage, powering it for most of its life.

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