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Chapter 2: Problem 6

When cooking ingredients are mixed in a blender, what happens to the energy transferred to the ingredients? Is the energy transfer by work, by heat transfer, or by work and heat transfer?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The energy transferred to the ingredients in a blender is primarily by work due to the rotating blades causing movement and mixing.

Step by step solution

01

Understand How Energy is Transferred in Cooking

When ingredients are mixed in a blender, energy in the form of electrical energy is provided to the blender's motor, which in turn causes the blades to rotate and mix the ingredients.
02

Identify the Type of Energy Transfer

The energy transferred to the ingredients in the blender is primarily through work. The rotating blades apply a force to the ingredients, causing them to move and mix.
03

Evaluate Heat Transfer

While there could be some heat generated due to the friction between the blades and the ingredients, this is a secondary effect. The primary mechanism is work done by the blades.
04

Conclusion

Given that the primary action driving the mixing process is mechanical work done by the blades, the main form of energy transfer is work. Any heat transfer present is minor compared to the work being done.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Mechanical Work
When you use a blender, the blades rotate to mix the ingredients. The process of rotating the blades involves applying a force to move the ingredients around.
This is what we call mechanical work. Mechanical work is defined as the force applied to an object times the distance over which the force is applied.
In mathematical terms, it can be represented as:
\[ W = F \cdot d \]
Here, \( W \) is the work done, \( F \) is the force, and \( d \) is the distance over which the force is applied.
In the case of a blender, the motor provides the force to spin the blades. The rotating blades then apply this force to the ingredients, resulting in movement and mixing.
Mechanical work is the primary method of energy transfer in a blender because it directly causes the ingredients to move and blend.
Heat Transfer
While mechanical work is the primary energy transfer method in blenders, heat transfer also occurs as a secondary effect.
Heat is generated due to friction between the blender blades and the ingredients.
This frictional heat can cause the temperature of the ingredients to rise slightly. However, this heat is not the main driver of the mixing process.
Heat transfer can be understood as the movement of thermal energy from one object or substance to another due to a temperature difference.
In a blender, the rise in temperature from friction is usually minimal compared to the mechanical work accomplished by the blending process.
  • Primary importance: Moves ingredients
  • Secondary effect: Slight heating due to friction
Electrical Energy
Electrical energy is what powers the blender. When you plug in the blender and turn it on, electrical energy flows through the motor, causing it to operate.
This electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy as the motor spins the blades.
The conversion process can be summarized as:
\[ \text{Electrical Energy} \rightarrow \text{Mechanical Work}\]
This means that the electrical energy supplied to the blender causes the blades to rotate, transferring energy to the ingredients through mechanical work.
Without this electrical energy, the motor and blades would not function. Therefore, electrical energy is essential as the initial source of power that enables the blender to mix ingredients effectively.
Here are some key points:
  • Blender uses electrical energy
  • Electrical energy powers the motor
  • Motor converts electrical energy into mechanical work

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A major force opposing the motion of a vehicle is the rolling resistance of the tires, \(F_{t}\), given by $$ F_{\mathrm{r}}=f^{\mathrm{W}} $$ where \(f\) is a constant called the rolling resistance coefficient and \(W\) is the vehicle weight. Determine the power, in \(\mathrm{kW}\), required to overcome rolling resistance for a truck weighing \(375.5 \mathrm{kN}\) that is moving at \(90 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}\). Let \(f=0.0085\)

.A composite plane wall consists of a \(23 \mathrm{~cm}\)-thick layer of brick \(\left(\kappa_{b}=2.4 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~kW} / \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right)\) and a \(10 \mathrm{~cm}\)-thick layer of insulation \(\left(\kappa_{\mathrm{i}}=0.09 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~kW} / \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right)\). The outer surface temperatures of the brick and insulation are \(700 \mathrm{~K}\) and \(310 \mathrm{~K}\), respectively, and there is perfect contact at the interface between the two layers. Determine at steady state the instantaneous rate of heat transfer, in \(\mathrm{kW} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\) of surface area, and the temperature, in \(\mathrm{K}\), at the interface between the brick and the insulation.

A mass of \(5 \mathrm{~kg}\) undergoes a process during which there is heat transfer from the mass at a rate of \(10 \mathrm{~kJ}\) per \(\mathrm{kg}\), an elevation decrease of \(75 \mathrm{~m}\), and an increase in velocity from \(10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) to \(20 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). The specific internal energy decreases by \(10 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}\) and the acceleration of gravity is constant at \(9.8 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\). Determine the work for the process, in \(\mathrm{kJ}\).

An electric generator coupled to a windmill produces an average electric power output of \(15 \mathrm{~kW}\). The power is used to charge a storage battery. Heat transfer from the battery to the surroundings occurs at a constant rate of \(1.8 \mathrm{~kW}\). For \(8 \mathrm{~h}\) of operation, determine the total amount of energy stored in the battery, in \(\mathrm{kJ}\).

\(.\) A system with a mass of \(5 \mathrm{~kg}\), initially moving horizontally with a velocity of \(40 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\), experiences a constant horizontal deceleration of \(2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\) due to the action of a resultant force. As a result, the system comes to rest. Determine the length of time, in s, the force is applied and the amount of energy transfer by work, in \(\mathrm{kJ}\).
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