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Chapter 1: Problem 8

Laura takes an elevator from the tenth floor of her office building to the lobby. Should she expect the air pressure on the two levels to differ much?

Short Answer

Expert verified
No, the air pressure will not differ much between the tenth floor and the lobby.

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the concept of air pressure

Air pressure is the force exerted by the weight of air above a surface. It decreases with altitude. Higher altitudes have lower air pressure because there is less air above them.
02

- Compare the altitude difference

The altitude difference between the tenth floor and the lobby is relatively small compared to the total height of the atmosphere. Therefore, the change in air pressure should be minimal.
03

- Practical observation

In practical scenarios, most people do not notice a significant difference in air pressure between floors within a building. This is because the change in height is too small to cause a noticeable difference in pressure.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Altitude and Pressure
Air pressure is determined by the weight of the air above any given point. The more air there is above you, the higher the pressure. This is why air pressure is higher at sea level and lower on mountain tops. When Laura moves from the tenth floor of her office building to the lobby, she is experiencing a change in altitude. However, this change is very small compared to the entire atmosphere's height. Because of this small altitude difference, the air pressure on the tenth floor and the lobby remains almost the same. In more extreme cases, like climbing a mountain, the difference in air pressure becomes more noticeable.
Force Exerted by Air
Air exerts force on everything it touches due to its weight. This force is what we call air pressure. Imagine the atmosphere as a giant stack of air molecules piled on top of each other. The air at the top of the stack has less pressure than the air at the bottom, near Earth's surface. This is because the air at lower altitudes has to support more layers of air above it, leading to higher pressure. When Laura moves within the building, the force exerted by the air doesn鈥檛 change significantly because she鈥檚 not moving through many layers of this stack.
Atmospheric Pressure Changes
Atmospheric pressure can change due to various factors, including weather conditions and altitude. When comparing weather, high-pressure systems are associated with clear skies, while low-pressure systems can lead to storms and rain. In terms of altitude, moving higher leads to lower pressure because the air is less dense and there are fewer molecules pressing down. This is why passengers in airplanes experience lower pressure despite being in a pressurized cabin. Yet in a building, moving a few floors up or down doesn't introduce significant pressure changes due to the relatively short distances involved.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

List several aspects of engineering economics relevant to design. What are the important contributors to cost that should be considered in engineering design? Discuss what is meant by annualized costs. Present your findings in a memorandum.

An object weighs \(25 \mathrm{kN}\) at a location where the acceleration of gravity is \(9.8 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\). Determine its mass, in \(\mathrm{kg}\).

Refrigerant 22 vapor enters the compressor of a refrigeration system at an absolute pressure of \(140 \mathrm{kPa}\). A pressure gage at the compressor exit indicates a pressure of \(1930 \mathrm{kPa}\) (gage). The atmospheric pressure is \(101.3 \mathrm{kPa}\). Determine the change in absolute pressure from inlet to exit, in \(\mathrm{kPa}\), and the ratio of exit to inlet pressure.

A closed system consisting of \(2 \mathrm{~kg}\) of a gas undergoes a process during which the relation between pressure and volume is \(p V^{m}=\) constant. The process begins with \(p_{1}=150 \mathrm{kPa}\), \(V_{1}=0.3 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) and ends with \(p_{2}=450 \mathrm{kPa}, V_{2}=0.137 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) Determine (a) the value of \(n\) and (b) the specific volume at states 1 and 2, each in \(\mathrm{m}^{3} / \mathrm{kg}\). (c) Sketch the process on pressurevolume coordinates.

You may have used the mass unit \(k g\) in previous engineering or physics courses. What is the relation between the \(\mathrm{kg}\) and gram mass? Is the \(\mathrm{kg}\) a convenient mass unit?
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