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Chapter 9: Problem 83

Viscous force is somewhat like friction as i opposes, the motion and is non- conservative but not exactly so, because (a) it is velocity dependent while friction is not (b) it is velocity independent while friction is (c) it is temperature dependent while friction is not (d) it is indcpendent of arca like surface tension while friction depends

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct option is (a): Viscous force is velocity dependent while friction is not.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Viscous Force

Viscous force is a drag force that opposes the motion of an object moving through a fluid (liquid or gas). It acts parallel and opposite to the direction of the object's velocity.
02

Examining Friction

Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion of two surfaces in contact. It generally acts independent of the velocity but depends on factors such as the nature of the surfaces and the normal force between them.
03

Analyzing Option (a)

Option (a) states that viscous force is velocity dependent while friction is not. This is true because viscous force directly depends on the velocity, often being proportional to it, whereas only a specific type of friction (kinetic friction) is quite constant relative to velocity.
04

Analyzing Option (b)

Option (b) claims viscous force is velocity independent while friction is. This is incorrect because viscous force is directly related to speed; however, friction like static and kinetic friction is generally static or changes minimally with velocity.
05

Analyzing Option (c)

Option (c) suggests that viscous force is temperature dependent while friction is not. Viscous force can indeed change with temperature, as temperature affects fluid viscosity, while friction is less influenced directly by temperature.
06

Analyzing Option (d)

Option (d) suggests viscous force is independent of area like surface tension while friction depends on area. This is incorrect because friction depends on the normal force and surface type rather than area directly, just as viscous force is more about velocity and fluid properties.
07

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, the correct statement about viscous force that makes it different from friction is that it is velocity dependent while friction is not.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Friction
Friction is a force that appears whenever two surfaces are in contact and tend to move relative to each other. It opposes the movement, acting in the opposite direction of the motion. Key characteristics of friction include:
  • Independence from speed: Unlike some other forces, friction does not significantly change with changes in speed.
  • Dependence on surface characteristics: The nature of the surfaces in contact, such as smoothness or roughness, affects the frictional force.
Friction is crucial for everyday tasks like walking or driving, as it provides the necessary grip between surfaces. It鈥檚 interesting to note that friction is a non-conservative force, meaning it often results in energy dissipation, commonly as heat.
Fluid Dynamics
Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids (liquids and gases) in motion. It explores how forces, like viscous force, impact the movement and flow of fluids. This field looks at:
  • The behavior of flow under various conditions, whether it's laminar (smooth) or turbulent (chaotic).
  • The impact of physical properties of the fluid, such as viscosity, which significantly influences the behavior.
Understanding fluid dynamics is essential in numerous applications, from aeronautics to weather forecasting. It helps us design better aircraft, understand environmental phenomena, and improve industrial processes involving fluid flows.
Velocity Dependence
When we say a force is velocity dependent, it means the force's magnitude changes with the speed at which the object moves. Viscous force is a classic example of a velocity-dependent force. As an object moves through a fluid, the viscous force increases with its velocity. This relationship is often linear, depicted as: \[ F_v = b imes v \] Here, \( F_v \) is the viscous force, \( v \) is velocity, and \( b \) is a proportionality constant related to the fluid's viscosity. In contrast, friction, especially kinetic friction, does not have this dependency and remains relatively constant across different speeds, differentiating it from viscous forces.
Temperature Dependence
Temperature dependence refers to how a force's magnitude might change with temperature variations. Viscous force is such a force, as it varies with the temperature of the fluid through which an object moves.
  • As temperature rises, a fluid's viscosity typically decreases, resulting in a reduced viscous force.
  • This is because higher temperatures cause the fluid molecules to move faster and spread apart, reducing resistance.
In contrast, friction does not usually change significantly with temperature, remaining fairly consistent even as temperatures vary. The temperature dependence of viscous forces is vital in industries such as petrochemicals, where oil viscosity varies with temperature, affecting flow efficiency.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

If water flow out of a vertical pipe at a speed of \(1.2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\), how far below the outlet will the radius be half the original valuc of radius of suream? (a) \(110 \mathrm{~m}\) (b) \(11 \mathrm{~m}\) (c) \(1.1 \mathrm{~m}\) (d) \(2 \mathrm{~m}\)

A sphere of mass \(3 \mathrm{~kg}\) is attached to one end of a steel wire of length \(1 \mathrm{~m}\) and radius \(1 \mathrm{~mm}\). It is whirled in a vertical circle with an angular velocity of 2 rev. \(/ \mathrm{s}\). What is the elongation of the wire, when the weight is at the lowest point of its path? \(Y_{\text {sect }}=20 \times 10^{10} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\).

A composite rod consists of a steel rod of length \(25 \mathrm{~cm}\) and area \(2 A\) and a copper rod of length \(50 \mathrm{~cm}\) and area \(A\). The composite rod is subjected to an axial load \(F\). If the Young's moduli of steel and copper are in the ratio \(2: 1\), then which statement \(/ \mathrm{s}\) is/are correct? (a) the extension produced in copper rod will be more (b) the extension in copper and steel parts will be in the ratio \(1: 2\) (c) the stress applied to copper rod will be more (d) no extension will be produced in the steel rod

What force must be applied to detach two wetted photographic plates \(9 \mathrm{~cm} \times 12 \mathrm{~cm}\) in size from cach other without shifting them? The thickness of water between the plate is \(0.05 \mathrm{~mm}\). Surface tension of waler is \(0.0073 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}\). (a) \(31.5 \mathrm{~N}\) (b) \(16.5 \mathrm{~N}\) (c) \(40.5 \mathrm{~N}\) (d) \(20.0 \mathrm{~N}\)

In Bernoulli's theorem, which of the following is conserved? (a) Mass (b) Energy (c) Linear momentum (d) Angular momentum
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