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Chapter 4: Problem 54

In an atom the forces acting between proton and electron are (a) nuclear (b) electromagnetic (c) gravitational (d) weak

Short Answer

Expert verified
(b) electromagnetic

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Question

The question asks us to identify the type of force that acts between a proton and an electron in an atom. It provides us with four options: nuclear, electromagnetic, gravitational, and weak.
02

Recall the Nature of Forces in an Atom

Within an atom, forces are responsible for holding the structure together. Electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged. Therefore, the force between them is due to their opposite charges.
03

Identify the Force Type

The force that acts between objects with opposite charges is the electromagnetic force. Electromagnetic forces arise from electrical charges and are responsible for the attraction between protons and electrons.
04

Review Other Force Options

- Nuclear forces, such as the strong nuclear force, act between protons and neutrons in the nucleus, not between protons and electrons. - Gravitational force is extremely weak on the atomic scale and negligible. - Weak force is involved in particle decay processes and is not responsible for holding electrons and protons together.
05

Conclude the Correct Answer

Based on the analysis, the electromagnetic force is the correct type of force acting between a proton and an electron in an atom.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Atomic Structure
Atoms make up everything around us, from the chairs we sit on to the air we breathe. Each atom comprises a nucleus at its center, containing positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. Electrons, with negative charges, revolve around this nucleus in various energy levels or shells. The structure is significantly influenced by these charged particles and the forces between them. Think of the atom as a tiny, solar system-like structure where the nucleus is the sun and the electrons are the planets revolving around it.

The arrangement of electrons and protons determines the chemical properties and behavior of the atom. The strong force inside the nucleus keeps the protons and neutrons tightly packed together despite the repulsion between the like-charged protons. However, between the nucleus and the orbiting electrons, electromagnetic forces play the starring role in keeping the atom stable and together.
Proton and Electron Interaction
The interaction between protons and electrons is a cornerstone of atomic behavior. Protons have a positive charge, while electrons possess a negative charge. This difference in charge is crucial because it gives rise to electromagnetic forces.

Opposite charges attract each other, meaning that the negatively charged electrons are drawn towards the positively charged protons within the nucleus. This attraction is what keeps electrons from straying too far from the nucleus, maintaining the integrity of the atom. It's fascinating how such tiny particles can have such strong interactions!

Without this interaction, atoms wouldn't exist in the form we know. Elements would scatter, and matter as we know it wouldn't have a stable structure. The electromagnetic force is a perfect example of how fundamental interactions govern the universe, showing us the delicate dance of forces that creates stability.
Types of Forces in Physics
Physics describes four fundamental forces that govern interactions in the universe. These forces include:
  • Gravitational Force: This force attracts two masses towards each other. It is what keeps us grounded on Earth but is negligible between electrons and protons due to their minute masses.
  • Electromagnetic Force: A force interacting through electric and magnetic fields, explaining interactions between charged particles such as protons and electrons.
  • Strong Nuclear Force: This is responsible for holding the nucleus together, binding protons and neutrons tightly in a very small space.
  • Weak Nuclear Force: Involved in processes like radioactive decay, it is vital but not in directly binding the structure of an atom.
Among these, for atomic interactions between protons and electrons, the electromagnetic force dominates due to its powerful effects over the others within an atom. Understanding these forces gives us a deeper appreciation of the complex yet beautifully orchestrated nature of the universe.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A chain of mass per unit lengh \(\lambda\) and lenght \(1.5 \mathrm{~m}\) rests on a fixed smooth sphere of radius \(R-\left(\frac{2}{\pi}\right) \mathrm{m}\) such that \(A\) end of chain is at the top of sphere while the other end is hanging freely. Chain is held stationary by a horizontal thread \(P A\). The tension in the thread is (a) \(\lambda g\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{\pi}\right)\) (b) \(\lambda g\left(\frac{\pi}{2}+\frac{2}{\pi}\right)\) (c) \(\lambda g\left(\frac{2}{\pi}\right)\) (d) None

Statement-1: For motion of body, we have to apply force. Statement-2 : To change position of a body, velocity is necessary.

\(\Lambda\) trolley of mass \(100 \mathrm{~kg}\), starting from rest, describes \(100 \mathrm{~m}\) in 10 second. \Lambdat that instant, i.e., at the commencement of the \(11^{\text {th }}\) second, two packets, each of mass \(12.5 \mathrm{~kg}\), are gently placed in the trolley. I low far does it move in the next 10 seconds assuming that the forces on the trolley remain the same throughout? Solution Since \(s-u t+\frac{1}{2} a t^{2}\) \(100-0 \div \frac{1}{2} a 100 \quad \therefore \quad a-2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{sec}^{2}\) The velocity at the cnd of 10 seconds \(=v=u+a t=0+2 \times 10=20 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) \(F=m a=100 \times 2=200 \mathrm{~N}\) During the next 10 seconds, acceleration \(-\frac{200}{125}-1.6 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{sec}^{2}\) The velocity al the commenecment of the 11 th socond \(v^{\prime}\) is given by \(m u=m^{\prime} v^{\prime}\) (Taw of conscrvation of momentum) \(100 \times 20=125 \times v^{\prime}\) \(\therefore \quad v^{\prime}-\frac{100 \times 20}{125}-16 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{scc}\) \(\therefore\) The distance travelled in the next 10 seconds \(=s^{\prime}-u t+\frac{1}{2} a t^{2}\) \(-16 \times 10+\frac{1}{2} \times 1.6 \times 100-240 \mathrm{~m}\)

\(\Lambda\) cat of mass \(m=1 \mathrm{~kg}\) climbs to a rope hung over a light frictionless pulley. The opposite end of the rope is tied to a weight of mass \(M=2 \mathrm{~m}\) lying on a smooth horizontal plane. What is the tension of the rope when the cat moves upwards with an acceleration \(a=2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{3}\) relative to the rope'? Solution Let \(a\) be the absolute upward acceleration of the monkey and \(a\) ' be the absolute downward acceleration of the rope. \(a\) ' is also the tightward acceleration of \(M\). Then, \(b=a-\left(-a^{\prime}\right)\) (since relative acceleration is the vector difference between the absolute accelerations) or \(b-a=a^{\prime}\) Considering upward motion of the cat \(\quad T-m g=m a \ldots\) (i) Considering rightward motion of \(M\) \(T=M a^{\prime}=M(b-a) \quad \ldots(\) ii \()\) From (i) and (ii), we get \(T=\frac{m M}{m+M}(g+b)=\left(\frac{m \times 2 m}{m+2 m}\right)(10+2)=\frac{2 m}{3} \times 12=8 \mathrm{~N}\)

If a body is placed on an inclined plane, the forces acting on the body are (a) gravitational (b) electromagnetic (c) nuclear (d) weak
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