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Chapter 15: 18Q (page 412)

Question: Give three examples, other than those mentioned in this Chapter, of naturally occurring processes in which order goes to disorder. Discuss the observability of the reverse process.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The three examples are as follows:

(i) A pile of compost disintegrating

(ii) The conversion of mechanical energy to heat energy by friction

(iii) The various metal oxidation (zinc, iron, copper, etc.) when exposed to the air

Step by step solution

01

Understanding of entropy 

The entropy of a system is a state variable, and it can be described as the randomness of any system. The universe's entropy is always increasing.

02

Step 2:Examples of naturally occurring processes in which order goes to disorder

The three examples of naturally occurring processes in which order goes to the disorder are as follows:

(i) A pile of compost disintegrating

(ii) The conversion of mechanical energy to heat energy by friction. A sliding body loses speed and ultimately stops, and the contact surfaces become more heated.

(iii) The various metal oxidation (zinc, iron, copper, etc.) when exposed to the air.

In all the above processes, the reverse of the process is not observed.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Refrigeration units can be rated in 鈥渢ons.鈥� A 1-ton air conditioning system can remove sufficient energy to freeze 1 ton (2000 pounds = 909 kg) of 0掳C water into 0掳C ice in one 24-h day. If, on a 35掳C day, the interior of a house is maintained at 22掳C by the continuous operation of a 5-ton air conditioning system, how much does this cooling cost the homeowner per hour? Assume the work done by the refrigeration unit is powered by electricity that costs $0.10 per kWh and that the unit鈥檚 coefficient of performance is 18% that of an ideal refrigerator.\({\bf{1}}\;{\bf{kWh = 3}}{\bf{.60 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}{\bf{6}}}\;{\bf{J}}\).

(I) Solar cells (Fig. 15鈥�26) can produce about 40 W of electricity per square meter of surface area if directly facing the Sun. How large an area is required to supply the needs of a house that requires 24 kWh/day? Would this fit on the roof of an average house? (Assume the Sun shines about 9 h/day.).

FIGURE 15-26 Problem 53

Question: (II) Use the conservation of energy to explain why the temperature of a well-insulated gas increases when it is compressed鈥攕ay, by pushing down on a piston鈥攚hereas the temperature decreases when the gas expands. Show your reasoning.

Question: Which is possible: converting (i) 100 J of work entirely into 100 J of heat, (ii) 100 J of heat entirely into 100 J of work?

(a) Only (i) is possible.

(b) Only (ii) is possible.

(c) Both (i) and (ii) are possible.

(d) Neither (i) nor (ii) is possible.

An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal process. Which of the following statements are true? (i) No heat is added to or removed from the gas. (ii) The internal energy of the gas does not change. (iii) The average kinetic energy of the molecules does not change.

(a) (i) only.

(b) (i) and (ii) only.

(c) (i) and (iii) only.

(d) (ii) and (iii) only.

(e) (i), (ii), and (iii).

(f) None of the above.
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