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Chapter 15: 15-3Q (page 412)

Can the temperature of a system remain constant even though heat flows into or out of it? If so, give examples.

Short Answer

Expert verified

When the work done on the system is equal to the heat exchange between the system and the surrounding, the system's temperature remains constant.

Step by step solution

01

Concept

By the first law of thermodynamics,\(\Delta U = Q - W\).

The temperature remains constant in the isothermal process, and the change in internal energy is\(\Delta U = 0\).

02

Explanation

For the isothermal process,

\(\begin{aligned}{c}0 = Q - W\\Q = W.\end{aligned}\)

When the work done on the system is equal to the heat exchanged between the system and the surrounding, the system's temperature remains constant.

Also, melting and freezing are the cases where heat flows out or into the system without changing the temperature of the system.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: (a) At a steam power plant, steam engines work in pairs, the heat output of the first one being the approximate heat input of the second. The operating temperatures of the first are 750掳C and 440掳C, and of the second 415掳C and 270掳C. If the heat of combustion of coal is \({\bf{2}}{\bf{.8 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{\bf{7}}}\;{{\bf{J}} \mathord{\left/{\vphantom {{\bf{J}} {{\bf{kg}}}}} \right.} {{\bf{kg}}}}\) at what rate must coal be burned if the plant is to put out 950 MW of power? Assume the efficiency of the engines is 65% of the ideal (Carnot) efficiency. (b) Water is used to cool the power plant. If the water temperature is allowed to increase by no more than 4.5 C掳, estimate how much water must pass through the plant per hour.

Question:(II) (a) How much energy is transformed by a typical 65-kg person who runs at\({\bf{15 km/h}}\)for\({\bf{30 min/day}}\)in one week (Table 15鈥�2)? (b) How many food calories would the person have to eat to make up for this energy loss?

Question:A gas is allowed to expand (a) adiabatically and (b) isothermally. In each process, does the entropy increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain.

Question:(II) A four-cylinder gasoline engine has an efficiency of 0.22 and delivers 180 J of work per cycle per cylinder. If the engine runs at 25 cycles per second (1500 rpm), determine (a) the work done per second, and (b) the total heat input per second from the gasoline. (c) If the energy content of gasoline is 130 MJ per gallon, how long does one gallon last?

(II) When\({\bf{5}}{\bf{.80 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}{\bf{5}}}\;{\bf{J}}\)of heat is added to a gas enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a light frictionless piston maintained at atmospheric pressure, the volume is observed to increase from\({\bf{1}}{\bf{.9}}\;{{\bf{m}}{\bf{3}}}\)to\({\bf{4}}{\bf{.1}}\;{{\bf{m}}{\bf{3}}}\). Calculate

(a) the work done by the gas, and

(b) the change in internal energy of the gas.

(c) Graph this process on a PV diagram.
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