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Chapter 13: Q9Q (page 359)

Question 9: Explain why it is advisable to add water to an overheated automobile engine only slowly, and only with the engine running.

Short Answer

Expert verified

It is advisable to add water to an overheated automobile engine slowly with its engine running so that all parts of the engine cool down at the same rate and no thermal stress occurs inside the engine.

Step by step solution

01

Thermal expansion

Generally, substances expand on heating and contract on cooling. A substance can expand or contract either linearly or volumetrically. The amount of expansion or contraction in a substance depends on the type of material and the change in temperature.

When substances are fixed rigidly at some place, and there exists no space for contraction and expansion, they undergo thermal stress.

02

Explanation for the effects of addition of water to an overheated automobile engine slowly or rapidly

It is advisable to add water slowly to an overheated automobile engine with its engine running. This is because the running engine already has hotter water in it and water added slowly to it mixes well with it and passes through the engine evenly. Due to this, all parts of the engine cool down approximately at the same rate resulting in negligible thermal stress.

However, when water is added rapidly to an overheated automobile engine whose most parts are very hot, some part of the water will quickly turn into steam and expand rapidly, resulting in the release of high-temperature steam from its radiator. Due to this, the cooling of the parts of the engine takes place unevenly.

Thus, some parts of the engine contract more rapidly than the rest. This results in the development of thermal stress inside the engine, due to which breakage in some parts of the engine can take place.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question:(II) A certain car has 14.0 L of liquid coolant circulating at a temperature of 93掳C through the engine鈥檚 cooling system. Assume that, in this normal condition, the coolant completely fills the 3.5-L volume of the aluminum radiator and the 10.5-L internal cavities within the aluminum engine. When a car overheats, the radiator, engine, and coolant expand and a small reservoir connected to the radiator catches any resultant coolant overflow. Estimate how much coolant overflows to the reservoir if the system goes from 93掳C to 105掳C. Model the radiator and engine as hollow shells of aluminum. The coefficient of volume expansion for coolant is\({\bf{410}} \times {\bf{1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 6}}}}\;{\bf{/^\circ C}}\).

(II) Estimate the time needed for a glycine molecule (see Table 13鈥�4) to diffuse a distance of \(25\;\mu {\rm{m}}\) in water at 20掳C if its concentration varies over that distance from \(1.00\;{\rm{mol/}}{{\rm{m}}^{\rm{3}}}\) to \(0.50\;{\rm{mol/}}{{\rm{m}}^{\rm{3}}}\)? Compare this 鈥渟peed鈥� to its rms (thermal) speed. The molecular mass of glycine is about 75 u.

Question 11: When a cold alcohol-in-glass thermometer is first placed in a hot tub of water, the alcohol initially descends a bit and then rises. Explain.

In humid climates, people constantly dehumidify their cellars to prevent rot and mildew. If the cellar in a house (kept at 20掳C) has \({\bf{105}}\;{{\bf{m}}^{\bf{2}}}\)of floor space and a ceiling height of 2.4 m, what is the mass of water that must be removed from it in order to drop the humidity from 95% to a more reasonable 40%?

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