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A neutron may be defined as a subatomic particle, and it is considered one of the building blocks of the atom.

A proton may be defined as an electrically charged particle, and the charge on the proton is positive. It is positioned within the nucleus of the atom.

From table 1-3:

The mass of the bacterium is \({M_B} = {10^{ - 15}}\;{\rm{kg}}\).

The mass of the DNA molecule is \({M_D} = {10^{ - 17}}\;{\rm{kg}}\).

The mass of the human body is \({M_H} = {10^2}\;{\rm{kg}}\).

The mass of the galaxy is \({M_G} = {10^{41}}\;{\rm{kg}}\).

The mass of the proton or neutron is \({m_{P,N}} = {10^{ - 27}}\;{\rm{kg}}\).

The number of protons or neutrons in a bacterium can be calculated as

\(\begin{aligned}{l}{N_B} = \frac{{{M_B}}}{{{m_{P,N}}}}\\{N_B} = \frac{{\left( {{{10}^{ - 15}}\;{\rm{kg}}} \right)}}{{\left( {{{10}^{ - 27}}\;{\rm{kg}}} \right)}}\\{N_B} = {10^{12}}\end{aligned}\).

Thus, the number of protons or neutrons in a bacterium is \({10^{12}}\).

The number of protons or neutrons in a DNA molecule can be calculated as

\(\begin{aligned}{l}{N_D} = \frac{{{M_D}}}{{{m_{P,N}}}}\\{N_D} = \frac{{\left( {{{10}^{ - 17}}\;{\rm{kg}}} \right)}}{{\left( {{{10}^{ - 27}}\;{\rm{kg}}} \right)}}\\{N_D} = {10^{10}}\end{aligned}\).

Thus, the number of protons or neutrons in a DNA molecule is \({10^{10}}\).

The number of protons or neutrons in the human body can be calculated as

\(\begin{aligned}{l}{N_H} = \frac{{{M_H}}}{{{m_{P,N}}}}\\{N_H} = \frac{{\left( {{{10}^2}\;{\rm{kg}}} \right)}}{{\left( {{{10}^{ - 27}}\;{\rm{kg}}} \right)}}\\{N_H} = {10^{29}}\end{aligned}\).

Thus, the number of protons or neutrons in the human body is \({10^{29}}\).

The number of protons or neutrons in the galaxy can be calculated as

\(\begin{aligned}{l}{N_G} = \frac{{{M_G}}}{{{m_{P,N}}}}\\{N_G} = \frac{{\left( {{{10}^{41}}\;{\rm{kg}}} \right)}}{{\left( {{{10}^{ - 27}}\;{\rm{kg}}} \right)}}\\{N_G} = {10^{68}}\end{aligned}\).

Thus, the number of protons or neutrons in the galaxy is \({10^{68}}\).