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Chapter 7: Q9Q (page 170)

A boy stands on the back of a rowboat and dives into the water. What happens to the boat as he leaves it? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The boat will move in the forward direction.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding conservation of momentum

The conservation of momentum principle states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains conserved. In this problem, we will apply the law of conservation of momentum, considering the boy and rowboat as a system.

02

Determine the direction of the boat

The initial momentum of the boy and rowboat is zero because they are at rest. When the boy standing on the back of the boat dives into the water, he gains some momentum in the direction of the dive. The boat will move in the forward direction, opposite to the direction of the boy, with the same momentum in order to conserve the momentum of the entire system since the total momentum has to be zero. Thus, the boat move will move forward.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A bullet of mass \(m{\bf{ = 0}}{\bf{.0010}}\;{\bf{kg}}\) embeds itself in a wooden block with mass \(M{\bf{ = 0}}{\bf{.999}}\;{\bf{kg}}\), which then compresses a spring \(\left( {k{\bf{ = 140}}\;{\bf{N/m}}} \right)\) by a distance \(x{\bf{ = 0}}{\bf{.050}}\;{\bf{m}}\) before coming to rest. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and table is \(\mu {\bf{ = 0}}{\bf{.50}}\).

(a) What is the initial velocity (assumed horizontal) of the bullet?

(b) What fraction of the bullet's initial kinetic energy is dissipated (in damage to the wooden block, rising temperature, etc.) in the collision between the bullet and the block?

Is it possible for an object to receive a larger impulse from a small force than from a large force? Explain.

According to Eq. 7鈥�4, the longer the impact time of an impulse, the smaller the force can be for the same momentum change, and hence the smaller the deformation of the object on which the force acts. On this basis, explain the value of air bags, which are intended to inflate during an automobile collision and reduce the possibility of fracture or death.

A uniform circular plate of radius 2R has a circular hole of radius R cut out of it. The center of the smaller circle is a distance 0.80R from the center C of the larger circle, Fig. 7鈥�41. What is the position of the center of mass of the plate? [Hint: Try subtraction.]

FIGURE 7-41

Problem 55.

A 0.25-kg skeet (clay target) is fired at an angle of 28掳 to the horizontal with a speed of\(25\;{\rm{m/s}}\)(Fig. 7鈥�45). When it reaches the maximum height, h, it is hit from below by a 15-g pellet traveling vertically upward at a speed of\(230\;{\rm{m/s}}\).The pellet is embedded in the skeet. (a) How much higher,\(h'\)does the skeet go up? (b) How much extra distance, does the skeet travel because of the collision?
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