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Chapter 7: Q14Q (page 170)

A very elastic 鈥渟uperball鈥� is dropped from a height h onto a hard steel plate (fixed to the Earth), from which it rebounds at very nearly its original speed. (a) Is the momentum of the ball conserved during any part of this process? (b) If we consider the ball and the Earth as our system, during what parts of the process is momentum conserved? (c) Answer part (b) for a piece of putty that falls and sticks to the steel plate.

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. The momentum is not conserved when you consider the ball as a system.
  2. The momentum is conserved when you consider the ball and the Earth as a system.
  3. The momentum is conserved when you consider the putty and the Earth as a system.

Step by step solution

01

Conservation of momentum

Momentum is conserved during a process when there is no external force acting on the system for which the process takes place.

02

Explanation for part (a)

Part (a)

If you consider the ball as a system, the weight of the ball always affects it during its motion, either before or after the collision. This weight is an external gravitational force. During the collision, the steel plate provides a force on the ball.

So, when you consider the ball as a system, the momentum is not conserved.

03

Explanation for part (b)

Part (b)

When you consider the Earth and the ball as a whole system, the momentum is conserved since every interaction takes place inside the system. There are no external forces. The gravitational force and reaction force during the collision now become internal forces.

04

Explanation for part (c)

Part (c)

Considering the putty and the Earth as our system, it can be observed that it is similar to part (b). This is because here too, the momentum is conserved as every iteration will take place inside the system.

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