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Chapter 17: Q7MCQ (page 473)

When the proton and electron in MisConceptual Question 6 strike the opposite plate, which one has more kinetic energy?

(a) The proton.

(b) The electron.

(c) Both acquire the same kinetic energy.

(d) Neither鈥攖here is no change in kinetic energy.

(e) They both acquire the same kinetic energy but with opposite signs.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(c) Both acquire the same kinetic energy.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the kinetic energy of the proton or electron

The electron or proton's kinetic energy depends on the mass of the proton or electron and its velocity.An increase in the velocity of any of them will increase the kinetic energy.

02

Determination of the particle having more kinetic energy

The potential energy can be expressed as:

\(P.E = q\Delta V\)

Here, q is the charge of the subatomic particle and\(\Delta V\) is the change in the potential.

The potential energy of the particle decreases, and there is an increase in the kinetic energy.

The change in the potential for the electron is negative, and for the proton, it is positive. However, both have the same magnitude of change in potential.

Both have opposite signs since both are moving in the opposite directions in a uniform electric field.

The magnitudes of the charges on the proton and electron are the same, so the potential change also remains the same.

Since the increase in the final kinetic energy is equal to the decrease in the potential energy change, both have the same kinetic energies before they reach the oppositely charged plates.

Thus, both have the same kinetic energy.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The parallel plates of an isolated capacitor carry opposite charges, Q. If the separation of the plates is increased, is a force required to do so? Is the potential difference changed? What happens to the work done in the pulling process?

In an older television tube, electrons are accelerated by thousands of volts through a vacuum. If a television set were laid on its back, would electrons be able to move upward against the force of gravity? What potential difference, acting over a distance of 2.4 cm, would be needed to balance the downward force of gravity so that an electron would remain stationary? Assume that the electric field is uniform.

Question: Near the surface of the Earth there is an electric field of about \({\bf{150}}\;{{\bf{V}} \mathord{\left/{\vphantom {{\bf{V}} {\bf{m}}}} \right.} {\bf{m}}}\)which points downward. Two identical balls with mass \({\bf{m = 0}}{\bf{.670}}\;{\bf{kg}}\) are dropped from a height of 2.00 m, but one of the balls is positively charged with \({{\bf{q}}_{\bf{1}}}{\bf{ = 650}}\;{\bf{\mu C}}\), and the second is negatively charged with \({{\bf{q}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{ = }} - {\bf{650}}\;{\bf{\mu C}}\). Use conservation of energy to determine the difference in the speed of the two balls when they hit the ground. (Neglect air resistance.)

(II) An alpha particle (which is a helium nucleus, Q=+2e,\({\bf{m = 6}}{\bf{.64 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 27}}}}\;{\bf{kg}}\)) is emitted in a radioactive decay with KE = 5.53 MeV. What is its speed?

(II) An electric field greater than about \({\bf{3 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{\bf{6}}}\;{\bf{V/m}}\)causes air to break down (electrons are removed from the atoms and then recombine, emitting light). See Section 17鈥�2 andTable 17鈥�3. If you shuffle along a carpet and then reach for a doorknob, a spark flies across a gap you estimate to be 1 mm between your finger and the doorknob. Estimate the voltage between your finger and the doorknob. Why is no harm done?
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