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Chapter 11: Problem 14

Do water and salt form a compound or a mixture?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Water and salt form a mixture, not a compound.

Step by step solution

01

Define Compound

A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together. The elements in a compound are always present in fixed ratios.
02

Define Mixture

A mixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically combined. Each substance in a mixture retains its own chemical properties and the components can be separated by physical means.
03

Analyze the Combination

When water (H鈧侽) and salt (NaCl) are combined, they do not form a new chemical entity with new properties. Instead, they maintain their individual properties, and the salt can be separated from water by physical means such as evaporation.
04

Conclude

Since water and salt do not chemically bond to form a new substance and can be separated by physical means, they form a mixture rather than a compound.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

chemical bonding
When we talk about chemical bonding, we refer to how atoms stick together to form molecules or compounds. This bond is crucial because it can change the properties of the elements involved.
For example:
  • In a compound, like water (H鈧侽), hydrogen atoms chemically bond with an oxygen atom. This bond is called a covalent bond.
  • Another type of bond is the ionic bond, found in salt (NaCl). Here, sodium and chlorine atoms exchange electrons to form the bond.
These bonds involve sharing or transferring electrons between atoms, which can only be undone by chemical reactions. Contrast this with mixtures, where no new chemical bonds are formed.
physical properties
Physical properties are features that describe the physical form of substances, like their state, color, boiling point, and more.
Here are some key points:
  • A compound has fixed physical properties. For example, water is always liquid at room temperature.
  • A mixture retains the physical properties of its components. When you mix salt in water, the solution appears clear, and the boiling point changes based on the concentration of salt.
Understanding physical properties helps us identify and classify substances. In our exercise, salt dissolves in water, but its chemical composition remains unchanged, showing distinct physical properties.
separation methods
Separation methods focus on how we can divide a mixture into its original components without changing their chemical nature.
For example:
  • Evaporation: You can separate salt from water by heating the solution until all the water evaporates. The salt remains as solid crystals.
  • Filtration: This method helps in separating a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture. Think of using a coffee filter to separate coffee grounds from liquid coffee.
These methods rely on the physical properties of the components. They do not alter the chemical makeup of substances, unlike chemical reactions which change the substances involved.

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