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Coulomb's law helps us understand the relationship between charges and forces. It states that the electric force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges. Additionally, it's inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This force can be attractive or repulsive depending upon the nature of the charges.
Coulomb's law is fundamental in calculating electric fields created by point charges. The mathematical expression for Coulomb’s law is:

• \[ F = k \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2} \]

where:

• \( F \) is the magnitude of the force between the charges,
• \( k \) is the Coulomb's constant \( (8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2) \),
• \( q_1 \) and \( q_2 \) are the amounts of the charges, and
• \( r \) is the distance between the charges.

The understanding of this law is essential for calculating other properties such as electric fields and related problems.

A point charge is a hypothetical charge that is considered to exist at a single point in space. In real-world scenarios, charges are distributed over a volume; however, to simplify calculations, we often assume they are concentrated at a point.
Point charges are typically used in physics to simplify problems involving electric fields and forces. They allow for straightforward calculations using Coulomb's law. Because we treat point charges as concentrated at a single location, calculating the electric field or force becomes less complicated.
When dealing with point charges, remember:

• Charges can be positive or negative.
• They interact through electric fields.
• Their effects can be directly calculated using formulas like those derived from Coulomb's law.

Understanding the concept of point charge is crucial in electric field problems.

The ratio of distances in electric field problems is used to compare the effects of different separations on field strength. Given two distances from a point charge, we can determine how the electric field changes with distance.
In this particular exercise, you need to find the ratio of two distances \( r_2 \) and \( r_1 \) from the charge. The electric fields are provided at these distances, which lets us establish a relationship.

• The electric field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance — doubling the distance reduces the field strength by a factor of four.
• By expressing the ratio \( \frac{E_2}{E_1} \) for fields at \( r_2 \) and \( r_1 \), it can help us determine \( \frac{r_2}{r_1} \).

Solving this ratio is essential as it provides insight into how quickly the electric field diminishes with increasing distance.

Electric field calculations are necessary to understand the influence charges have in their surroundings. The electric field of a point charge is calculated using:

• \[ E = k \frac{|q|}{r^2} \]

where:

• \( E \) is the electric field,
• \( k \) is the Coulomb's constant \( (8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2) \),
• \( q \) is the magnitude of the charge, and
• \( r \) is the distance from the charge.

For any given point, the strength of the field is greater closer to the charge and decreases as one moves further away.
In this exercise, two electric fields at different distances are given. By setting up their ratio and solving for the distance ratio, we can examine how electric field calculations highlight the spatial impact of a charge. Calculating the electric field at varying distances is vital for practical applications in electric fields, such as in designing circuits and understanding electromagnetic forces.