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In a skating stunt known as crack-the-whip, a number of skaters hold hands and form a straight line. They try to skate so that the line rotates about the skater at one end, who acts as the pivot. The skater farthest out has a mass of \(80.0 \mathrm{kg}\) and is \(6.10 \mathrm{m}\) from the pivot. He is skating at a speed of \(6.80 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\). Determine the magnitude of the centripetal force that acts on him.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The centripetal force is 606.42 N.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Given Variables

We have a skater with a mass \(m = 80.0\, \mathrm{kg}\), distance from the pivot (radius) \(r = 6.10\, \mathrm{m}\), and speed \(v = 6.80\, \mathrm{m/s}\). The problem asks for the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on him.
02

Understand Centripetal Force Formula

The formula for centripetal force is \(F_{c} = \frac{mv^{2}}{r}\), where \(F_{c}\) is the centripetal force, \(m\) is the mass, \(v\) is the velocity, and \(r\) is the radius of the circle.
03

Substitute the Given Values into the Formula

Substitute the known values into the formula: \[ F_{c} = \frac{(80.0\, \mathrm{kg}) \times (6.80\, \mathrm{m/s})^2}{6.10\, \mathrm{m}}. \]
04

Perform the Calculations

First calculate \(v^2\): \(6.80^2 = 46.24\, \mathrm{m^2/s^2}\). Then calculate \(mv^2\): \(80.0 \times 46.24 = 3699.2\, \mathrm{kg\cdot m^2/s^2}\). Finally, evaluate \(F_{c}\): \[ F_{c} = \frac{3699.2}{6.10} = 606.42\, \mathrm{N}. \]
05

State the Final Answer

The magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the skater is \(606.42\, \mathrm{N}\).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Physics Problem Solving
To excel in physics problem solving, it's essential to follow a methodical approach, especially when dealing with real-world phenomena like skating stunts. Start by identifying the key variables and understanding what the problem is asking. For instance, in the given problem, you first ascertain the variables like mass, radius, and velocity.

Following that, selecting the correct formula is crucial. Here, the centripetal force formula, which involves mass, velocity squared, and radius, is the tool you need. Understanding why this formula is applicable will enhance your grasp of the physical concepts involved.

  • Lay out all known values clearly.
  • Write down the formula with each component identified.
  • Check the units to ensure they match the requirements of the formula.
Sequentially substitute the known values, and meticulously perform the calculations. Double-check each step for possible arithmetic errors to ensure the solution makes logical sense.
Kinematics
Kinematics is the branch of physics that deals with motion without considering the forces that cause it. It provides the tools to analyze an object's motion through key kinematic concepts like displacement, velocity, and acceleration.

In the 'crack-the-whip' scenario, we focus on the skater's speed and how it interacts with their circular path around the pivot. The speed, a scalar quantity, represents how fast the skater is moving irrespective of their direction.

It's essential to distinguish between speed and velocity, with the latter being a vector quantity showing direction as well. Analyzing the velocity is critical since the centripetal force depends on it — the skater's speed squared, to be exact.
  • Remember, speed is always positive, while velocity can have direction.
  • Ensure correct use of kinematic equations when applicable.
  • Refresh vector concept understanding to master velocity.
Circular Motion
Circular motion occurs when an object moves along the circumference of a circle, needing a consistent inward force known as centripetal force for constant speed and a stable path. For a skater holding hands and rotating around a pivot, this force keeps them on a curved path instead of moving in a straight line.

The centripetal force acts perpendicular to the velocity, pulling the object toward the center of the circle. In this skating stunt, the skater on the end must overcome this force to avoid swinging off the line. This involves understanding:
  • How velocity affects the force — higher speed means greater force.
  • The relationship between radius and force — a larger radius lessens the force needed.
  • That the mass of the object influences the total force required to maintain circular motion.
Mastering these aspects of circular motion provides deeper insights into how objects behave under rotational influence, bridging theoretical principles with practical observations.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Pilots of high-performance fighter planes can be subjected to large centripetal accelerations during high-speed turns. Because of these accelerations, the pilots are subjected to forces that can be much greater than their body weight, leading to an accumulation of blood in the abdomen and legs. As a result, the brain becomes starved for blood, and the pilot can lose consciousness ( "black out"). The pilots wear "anti-G suits" to help keep the blood from draining out of the brain. To appreciate the forces that a fighter pilot must endure, consider the magnitude \(F_{\mathrm{N}}\) of the normal force that the pilot's seat exerts on him at the bottom of a dive. The magnitude of the pilot's weight is \(W\). The plane is traveling at \(230 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\) on a vertical circle of radius \(690 \mathrm{m} .\) Determine the ratio \(F_{\mathrm{N}} / W .\) For comparison, note that blackout can occur for values of \(F_{\mathrm{N}} / W\) as small as 2 if the pilot is not wearing an anti-G suit.

A motorcycle has a constant speed of \(25.0 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\) as it passes over the top of a hill whose radius of curvature is \(126 \mathrm{m}\). The mass of the motorcycle and driver is 342 kg. Find the magnitudes of (a) the centripetal force and (b) the normal force that acts on the cycle.

\(\mathrm{A}\) satellite has a mass of \(5850 \mathrm{kg}\) and is in a circular orbit \(4.1 \times\) \(10^{5} \mathrm{m}\) above the surface of a planet. The period of the orbit is \(2.00 \mathrm{hours}\). The radius of the planet is \(4.15 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} .\) What would be the true weight of the satellite if it were at rest on the planet's surface?

A satellite circles the earth in an orbit whose radius is twice the earth's radius. The earth's mass is \(5.98 \times 10^{24} \mathrm{kg}\), and its radius is \(6.38 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m}\). What is the period of the satellite?

A jet flying at \(123 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\) banks to make a horizontal circular turn. The radius of the turn is \(3810 \mathrm{m},\) and the mass of the jet is \(2.00 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{kg}\) Calculate the magnitude of the necessary lifting force.

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