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Chapter 25: Problem 53

What is the order of energy of \(X\) -rays \(\left(E_{x}\right)\), radio waves \(\left(E_{R}\right)\) and micro waves \(\left(E_{M}\right) ?\) (a) \(E_{X}E_{M}>E_{R}\) (c) \(E_{M}>E_{R}>E_{X}\) (d) \(E_{M}

Short Answer

Expert verified
The order of energies is \(E_{X} > E_{M} > E_{R}\), corresponding to option (b).

Step by step solution

01

Understand Electromagnetic Spectrum Order

The electromagnetic spectrum is ordered in terms of wavelength and energy. In general, shorter wavelengths correspond to higher energies, and longer wavelengths correspond to lower energies.
02

Identify Wavelengths of X-rays, Radio Waves, and Microwaves

X-rays have very short wavelengths, usually in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers. Microwaves have longer wavelengths, ranging from 1 millimeter to 1 meter. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths, ranging from 1 millimeter to hundreds of kilometers.
03

Determine Energy Based on Wavelengths

Since energy is inversely proportional to wavelength, the shorter the wavelength, the higher the energy. Therefore, X-rays have the highest energy, followed by microwaves, and then radio waves, which have the lowest energy.
04

Compare Energy Levels

Based on the order of wavelengths and thus energies, we determine the order of energies: \[E_{X} > E_{M} > E_{R} \] This means X-rays are the most energetic, followed by microwaves, and then radio waves.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Energy Order
In the electromagnetic spectrum, energy and wavelength are key components that help us understand the different types of waves. **Energy Order** primarily refers to the arrangement of waves based on their energy levels, which is inversely proportional to their wavelengths.
The rule of thumb is:
  • Shorter waves have more energy.
  • Longer waves have less energy.
Understanding this fundamental energy order helps in categorizing various electromagnetic radiation types, from X-rays to radio waves. By knowing their place in the spectrum, we can predict their energetic behavior and interactions with matter.
X-rays
X-rays are a type of electromagnetic wave that lie towards the high energy end of the spectrum. They are highly energetic because they have very short wavelengths, ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers.
Some important characteristics of X-rays include:
  • They have the ability to penetrate most materials and are absorbed by denser ones, which is why they are used in medical imaging.
  • X-rays can be dangerous with excessive exposure due to their high energy levels, which can damage biological tissues.
In the electromagnetic spectrum, X-rays are more energetic than microwaves and radio waves.
Radio Waves
Radio waves occupy the low energy end of the electromagnetic spectrum. They have the longest wavelengths, which can range from 1 millimeter to hundreds of kilometers, resulting in their low energy.
A few key features of radio waves are:
  • They are used extensively for communication purposes due to their ability to travel long distances and penetrate through different environments.
  • Radio waves are safe for ordinary exposure levels and are utilized in broadcasting, satellite transmissions, and even some medical treatments.
In terms of energy order, they are less energetic than both microwaves and X-rays.
Microwaves
Microwaves fall in the middle range of the electromagnetic spectrum. They have wavelengths that are longer than X-rays but shorter than radio waves, ranging from 1 millimeter to 1 meter. This gives them moderate energy levels.
Here are some typical uses and properties of microwaves:
  • They are commonly utilized for cooking, as they pass through materials and heat food items by exciting water molecules.
  • Microwaves are also used in radar systems and various forms of data transmission.
In energy order, microwaves sit between the high-energy X-rays and the low-energy radio waves.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The work function for sodium surface is \(2.0 \mathrm{eV}\) and that for aluminium surface is \(4.2 \mathrm{eV}\). The two metals are illuminated with appropriate radiations so as to cause photoemission. Then (a) the threshold frequency for sodium will be less than that for aluminium (b) the threshold frequency of sodium will be more than that of aluminium (c) both sodium and aluminium will have same threshold frequency (d) none of the above

A modern 200 watt sodium street lamp emits yellow light of wavelength \(0.6 \mu \mathrm{m}\). Assuming it to be \(25 \%\) efficient in converting electrical energy to light, the number of photons of yellow light it emits per second is (a) \(6 \times 10^{20}\) (b) \(3 \times 10^{19}\) (c) \(1.5 \times 10^{20}\) (d) \(6 \times 10^{18}\)

Electrons having de Broglie wavelength \(\lambda\) are incident on a target in a \(X\) -ray tube. Cut-off wavelength of emitted \(X\) -rays is (a) \(\lambda_{o}=\frac{2 m c \lambda^{2}}{h}\) (b) \(\lambda_{o}=\frac{h c}{m c}\) (c) \(\lambda_{o}=\frac{2 m^{2} c^{2} \lambda^{2}}{h^{2}}\) (d) \(\lambda_{o}=0\)

\(X\) -rays are known to be electromagnetic radiations. Therefore, an \(X\) -ray photon has (a) electric charge (b) magnetic moment (c) both electric charge and magnetic moment (d) neither electric charge nor magnetic moment

A direct \(X\) -ray photograph of the intestines is not generally taken by the radiologists because (a) intestines would burst on exposure to \(X\) -rays (b) the \(X\) -rays would not pass through the intestines (c) the \(X\) -rays will pass through the intestines without causing a good shadown for any useful diagnosis (d) a very small exposure of \(X\) -rays causes cancer in the intestines
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