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Chapter 19: Problem 79

Which of the following is not the reason for the low conductivity of electrolytes? (a) Low drift speed of ions (b) High resistance of the solution (c) Low number-density of charge carriers (d) Ionisation of salt

Short Answer

Expert verified
(d) Ionisation of salt is not a reason for low conductivity.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Electrolyte Conductivity

Conductivity in electrolytes occurs due to the movement of ions within the solution. Ions act as charge carriers, so the conductivity depends on both the number of ions available (number-density) and their mobility (drift speed). Thus, factors affecting these will affect conductivity.
02

Analyze High Resistance of Solution

High resistance in a solution means that electrical current faces difficulty passing through. This resistance directly opposes the flow of the ions, which lowers conductivity. Therefore, this is a valid reason for reduced conductivity.
03

Examine Low Number-Density of Charge Carriers

Conductivity requires charge carriers in the form of ions. A low number-density means fewer ions are present to carry charge, reducing conductivity. Hence, this is a factor that contributes to low conductivity.
04

Review Ionisation of Salt

When salt ionizes, it dissociates into ions which become charge carriers in the solution, enhancing conductivity. If ionization occurs, it should increase, not decrease, conductivity.
05

Consider Low Drift Speed of Ions

Drift speed refers to how quickly ions move through a solution under an electric field. A low drift speed implies ions move slower, reducing the rate of current flow, leading to low conductivity. This is a reason for low conductivity.
06

Identify the Incorrect Reason

From the analysis, the ionization of salt increases the conductivity of the solution by providing more charge carriers, rather than decreasing it.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Drift Speed of Ions
Drift speed is a term used to describe the velocity at which ions move through a solution when subjected to an electric field. This speed is crucial for determining how effectively a solution can conduct electricity. In electrolytes, the drift speed of ions affects the flow of electric current.
  • If the ions in the solution can move quickly, the drift speed is high, and the current can pass more easily through the solution.
  • On the other hand, a low drift speed means that ions move sluggishly, hindering the movement of charge and thus reducing conductivity.
The drift speed depends on several factors, such as the size of the ions and the viscosity of the solvent. Higher temperatures typically increase drift speed since the ions gain more energy and can move faster.
Resistance of Solution
Resistance in a solution plays an inverse role in its conductivity. When there is high resistance, the flow of electric current through the solution is obstructed more forcefully. Resistance is the measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current. In solutions, resistance can be caused by:
  • The nature of the solvent itself, which may not allow ions to flow smoothly.
  • Impediments caused by the interaction between ions and solvent molecules.

When a solution has a high resistance, it exhibits a lower conductivity because ions cannot move efficiently across the solution to transport charge.
Ionisation of Salt
Ionisation refers to the process through which salt compounds break apart into ions when dissolved in a solvent like water. This process is vital for the conductivity of electrolytes. When salts dissolve, they dissociate into positive and negative ions. These ions act as charge carriers within the solution. Therefore, when ionization of salt occurs, it generally leads to improved conductivity because more charges are available to carry a current.
  • Increased ionization signifies more ions in the solution, raising the number-density of charge carriers.
  • Thus, ionization enhances the solution's capability to conduct electricity.
Understanding ionization is key to mastering why some solutions conduct electricity better than others.
Number-Density of Charge Carriers
In the context of electrolyte conductivity, the number-density of charge carriers refers to the amount of ions available in a unit volume of the solution. This is a crucial factor in determining how well a solution can conduct electricity. The more ions present in a solution:
  • The higher the number-density, and consequently, the better the solution's ability to conduct an electric current.
  • A low number-density implies fewer available ions to transport charge, reducing conductivity.
It's similar to having more people involved in passing a baton around a track 鈥� the more participants you have, the quicker the baton moves.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Two electric bulbs have tungsten filaments of same length. If one of them gives 60 watts and the other 100 watts, then: (a) 100 watt bulb has thicker filament (b) 60 watt bulb has thicker filament (c) both filaments are of same thickness (d) it is impossible to get different wattage unless the lengths are different

If the cold junction is held at \(0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), the thermo \(\mathrm{emf} V\) of a thermocouple varies as \(V=10 \times 10^{-6} t-\frac{1}{40} \times\) \(10 \times 10^{-6} t^{2}\), where \(t\) is the temperature of the hot junction in \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The neutral temperature and the maximum value of thermo emf are respectively (a) \(200^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ; 2 \mathrm{mV}\) (b) \(400^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ; 2 \mathrm{mV}\) (c) \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ; 1 \mathrm{mV}\) (d) \(200^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ; 1 \mathrm{mV}\)

When a copper voltameter is connected with a battery of emf 12 volt, \(2 \mathrm{gm}\) of copper is deposited in 30 minute. If the same voltameter is connected across a \(6 \mathrm{~V}\) battery, then the mass of the copper deposited in 45 minute would be: (a) \(1 \mathrm{gm}\) (b) \(1.5 \mathrm{gm}\) (c) \(2 \mathrm{gm}\) (d) \(2.5 \mathrm{gm}\)

A factory is served by a 220 volt supply line. In a circuit protected by a fuse marked 10 ampere, the maximum number of 100 watt lamps in parallel that can be turned on is: (a) 11 (b) 22 (c) 33 (d) 66

The emf generated across a thermocouple, with cold junction at \(0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(\xi=a \theta+b \theta^{2}\), with \(a=30 \mu \mathrm{V}\left({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)^{-1}\) and \(b=0.08 \mu \mathrm{V}\left({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)^{-2}\). As \(\xi=6 \mu \mathrm{V}\), the hot junction temperature is about (a) \(14^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (b) \(144^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (c) \(323^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (d) \(519^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)
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