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What is the minimum possible energy for five (non-interacting) spin -12particles of massmin a one dimensional box of length L ? What if the particles were spin-1? What if the particles were spin -32?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The resultant answer is 19Ï€2h22mL2,5Ï€2h22mL2 and role="math" localid="1660058890264" 8Ï€2h22mL2.

Step by step solution

01

Given spin

The given data is spin -12, spin -1, spin -32.

02

Concept of Electron dipole moment

The electron electric dipole moment (EDM)deis an intrinsic property of an electron such that the potential energy is linearly related to the strength of the electric field.

The electron's EDM must be collinear with the direction of the electron's magnetic moment (spin).

03

Calculate the energy

Adding energies for the spin -1/2 for five non interacting particles in one dimensional box from the above table gives.

role="math" localid="1660059135505" Eint=2Ï€2h22mL2+24Ï€2h22mL2+9Ï€2h22mL2Eint=19Ï€2h22mL2

For the spin-1 case, the particles are bosons and the minimum possible energy for five bosons from the above table is Eint=5Ï€2h22mL2.

For the spin -32case, there are up to 2S+1=4different particles, each with different spin orientation.

So, the minimum possible energy for five fermions from the above table is shown below.

Eint=4Ï€2h22mL2+14Ï€2h22mL2Eint=8Ï€2h22mL2

Hence, The resultant answer is19Ï€2h22mL2,5Ï€2h22mL2and8Ï€2h22mL2.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Repeat example 8.6 but assume that the upper state is the 2p12rather than the2p32

Figureshows the Stern-Gerlach apparatus. It reveals that spin-12particles have just two possible spin states. Assume that when these two beams are separated inside the channel (though still near its centreline). we can choose to block one or the other for study. Now a second such apparatus is added after the first. Their channels are aligned. But the second one is rotated about the-axis by an angle \(\phi\) from the first. Suppose we block the spin-down beam in the first apparatus, allowing only the spin-up beam into the second. There is no wave function for spin. but we can still talk of a probability amplitude, which we square to give a probability. After the first apparatus' spin-up beam passes through the second apparatus, the probability amplitude iscos(ϕ/2)↑2nd+sin(ϕ/2)↓2ndwhere the arrows indicate the two possible findings for spin in the second apparatus.

(a) What is the probability of finding the particle spin up in the second apparatus? Of finding it spin down? Argue that these probabilities make sense individually for representative values ofϕand their sum is also sensible.

(b) By contrasting this spin probability amplitude with a spatial probability amplitude. Such asψ(x)=Ae−te2. Argue that although the arbitrariness ofϕgives the spin cases an infinite number of solves. it is still justified to refer to it as a "two-state system," while the spatial case is an infinite-state system.

Whether a neutral whole atom behaves as bosons or a fermion is independent of Z, instead depending entirely on the number of the neutrons in its nucleus. Why? What is it about this number that determines whether the atom is a boson or a fermion?

A Simple Model: The multielectron atom is unsolvable, but simple models go a long way. Section7.8gives energies and orbit radii forone-electron/hydrogenlike atoms. Let us see how useful these are by considering lithium.

(a) Treat one of lithium'sn=1electrons as a single electron in a one-electron atom ofrole="math" localid="1659948261120" Z=3. Find the energy and orbit radius.

(b) The othern=1electron being in the same spatial state. must have the same energy and radius, but we must account for the repulsion between these electrons. Assuming they are roughly one orbit diameter apart, what repulsive energy would they share, and if each claims half this energy. what would be the energies of these two electrons?

(c) Approximately what charge does lithium's lone valence electron orbit, and what radius and energy would it have?

(d) Is in reasonable to dismiss the role of then=1electrons in chemical reactions?

(e) The actual energies of lithium's electrons are about-98eV(twice, of course) and-5.4eV. How good is the model?

(f) Why should the model's prediction for the valence electron's energy differ in the direction it does from the actual value?

Question: Bearing in mind its limiting cases of 1 and 2 mentioned in section 8.8, how would you describe the significance of the Lande g-factor

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