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Question: The kinetic energy of hydrogen atom wave functions for which lis its minimum value of 0 is all radial. This is the case for the 1s and 2s states. The 2 p state has some rotational kinetic energy and some radial. Show that for very large n, the states of largest allowed lhave essentially no radial kinetic energy. Exercise 55 notes that the expectation value of the kinetic energy (including both rotational and radial) equals the magnitude of the total energy. Compare this magnitude with the rotational energy alone,L2/2mr2
,assuming that n is large. That lis as large as it can be, and thatrn2a0.

Short Answer

Expert verified

For larger n, there is no radial kinetic energy.

On comparing equations (1) and (2) the magnitude of total energy is equal to the rotational kinetic energy.

Step by step solution

01

 Expressing the equation for the total energy of the hydrogen atom

The equation for the total energy of a hydrogen atom is
En=-me42(40)2h21n2
En=-me42(40)2h21n2

Here,Enis the total energy of the hydrogen atom,

m is the mass of the particle,

e is the charge of the electron

0is the permittivity of free space

h the modified Planck's constant, and

n is the principal quantum number

02

 Concept

The average value of the radius of an orbit of the electron in the ground state, around the nuclei of a hydrogen atom, is known as the Bohr radius.

The magnitude of the total energy of a hydrogen atom is-

En=-me42(40)2h21n2......(1)

The angular momentum for a particle is given as-


L=l(l+1)h

Where, L is the angular momentum of a particle and l is the azimuthal quantum number

03

 Expressing the equation for Bohr’s radius

The expression for Bohr's radius is

a0=(40)h2me2

Wherea0is the Bohr radius.

04

Determining for larger n there is no radial kinetic energy

Here, electron is carrying two type of kinetic energy- Rotational and Radial. So, total kinetic energy will be the sum of both .

The expression for rotational kinetic energy is
Erot=L22mr2

Where, Erotis the rotational kinetic energy r is the radius of hydrogen atom.

Substitute l(l+1)hfor L and n2a0for r in Erot=L22mr2

Erot=(l(l+1)h)22m(n2a0)2=l(l+1)h22mn4a02



The range of l is from 0 to n - 1 . For maximum n , the corresponding value of maximum l is n - 1 .

Substitute n - 1 for l in Erot=l(l+1)h22mn4a02
Erot=(n-1)(n-1+1)h22mn4a02
=(n-1)nh22mn4a02
n2h22mn4a02=h22mn2a02

Substitute (40)h2me2fora0in Erot=h22mn2a02
Erot=h22mn2(40)h2me22=h22mn2(40)2h4m2e4=m2e4h22mn2(40)2h2=me42n2(40)2h2

Solving further,

Erot=me42(40)2h21n2.................(2)

05

Comparing the total energy with rotational energy

From the equation (1) and (2) the rotational kinetic energy of hydrogen atom is equal to the magnitude of total energy of hydrogen atom. Since for larger n the rotational kinetic energy of atom is equal to the total energy, that means there is no radial kinetic energy.

06

Conclusion

Therefore, for larger n, there is no radial kinetic energy.

On comparing equations (1) and (2) the magnitude of total energy is equal to the rotational kinetic energy.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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