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Chapter 11: Q15E (page 518)
From the abundances and atomic masses given in Appendix I of the two naturally occurring isotopes of boron. Determine the average atomic mass of natural boron. Compare this with the value given in the periodic table of Chapter 8.
Atomic mass and average mass of boron both are equal to .
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In both D-D reactions in equation (11-18). Two deuterons fuse to produce two particles, a nucleus of and a free nucleon. Mass decreases because the binding energy of theA=3nucleus is greater than the combined binding energies of the two deuterons. The binding energy of helium-4is even greater still. Why can't the deuterons simply fuse into a helium-4nucleus and nothing else? Why must multiple particles be produced?
You occupy a one-dimensional world in which beads of mass when isolated-attract each other if and only if in contact. Were the beads to interact solely by this attraction, it would take energy to break the contact. Consequently. We could extract this much energy by sticking two together. However, they also share a repulsive force, no matter what their separation. For which the potential energy is . Whererole="math" localid="1660033271423" is a bead's radius and is centre to centre separation. The closer the beads. The higher is this energy.
(a) For one stationary bead, by how much does the energy differ from?
(b) For two stationary beads in contact, by how much does the energy differ from ?
(c) For three beads in contact (in a line, of course, since this world is one-dimensional). by how much does the energy differ from ?
(d) For four beads in contact, by how much does the energy differ from ?
(e) If you had 12 isolated beads and wished to extract the most energy by sticking them together (in linear groupings), into sets of what number would you group them?
(f) Sets of what number would be suitable fuel for the release of fusion energy? Or fission energy?
(a) Determine the total amount of energy released in the complete decay of 1 mg of tritium.
(b) According to the law of radioactive decay, how much time would this release of energy span?
(c) In a practical sense, how much time will it span?
(a) To determine is decay possible for the hypothetical nucleus role="math" localid="1658411360861" .
(b) To determine isrole="math" localid="1658411423839" decay possible for the hypothetical nucleus .
(c) To determine isrole="math" localid="1658411438076" decay possible.
Question:In Section 11.2, it is said that iron and nickel represent maximum stability. Chemistry emphasizes that helium is the most stable element? How can these claims be reconciled?
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