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Chapter 10: Q24CQ (page 467)
What are the some of the properties of fullerenes that make them potentially so useful?
The property of high tensile strength of the fullerenes makes it for potentially useful.
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The "floating magnet trick" is shown in Figure 10.50. If the disk on the bottom were a permanent magnet, rather than a superconductor, the trick wouldn't work. The superconductor does produce an external field very similar to that of a permanent magnet. What other characteristic is necessary to explain the effect? (Him: What happens when you hold two ordinary magnets so that they repel, and then you release one of them?)
The energy necessary to break the ionic bond between a sodium ion and a fluorine ion is . The energy necessary to separate the sodium and fluorine ions that form the ionic crystal is per ion pair. Explain the difference qualitatively.
The accompanying diagrams represent the three lowest energy wave functions for three "atoms." As in all truly molecular states we consider, these states are shared among the atoms. At such large atomic separation, however, the energies are practically equal, so anelectron would be just as happy occupying any combination.
(a) Identify algebraic combinations of the states (for instance, 5+11/2+11/2 ) that would place the electron in each of the three atoms.
(b) Were the atoms closer together, the energies of states 1.11, and III would spread out and an electron would occupy the lowest energy one. Rank them in order of increasing energy as the atoms draw closer together. Explain your reasoning.
In a concise yet fairly comprehensive way. explain why doped semiconductors are so pervasive in modern technology.
Exercise 29 notes that more energy is required to ionize sodium that is retrieved by adding that electrons to an isolated chlorine atom, but the NaCl bond represents a lower energy because the attracting ions draw close together. Quantifying the energy-lowering effect of having alternating plus and minus charges can be rather involved for 3D lattice, but a one dimensional calculation is instructive. Consider an infinite line of point charges alternating between +e and 鈥揺, with a uniform spacing between adjacent opposite charge of a. (a) The electrostatic potential energy per ion is the same for a given positive ion as for a given negative ion. Why? (b) Calculate the electrostatic potential energy per ion for simplicity. Assume that a positive charge is at the origin. The following power series expansion will be helpful: .
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