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Chapter 2: Problem 97

Which of the following has a positive charge? A. proton B. neutron C. atom D. electron

Short Answer

Expert verified
Proton

Step by step solution

01

Identify the particles

First, identify the options given: proton, neutron, atom, and electron. These particles differ in their charges and properties.
02

Determine the charge of each particle

Next, recall the charge associated with each particle: a proton has a positive charge, a neutron has no charge (neutral), an electron has a negative charge, and an atom typically has no charge unless it is an ion.
03

Identify the positively charged particle

From the options we have examined, the proton is the particle with a positive charge.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

proton charge
Protons are one of the fundamental particles in atoms. They have a positive charge, which is a crucial property. Each proton carries a charge of +1 elementary charge. This positive charge plays a significant role in maintaining the structure of the atom. It keeps the negatively charged electrons bound to the nucleus through electromagnetic force. Protons are found in the nucleus of atoms along with neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus, called the atomic number, determines the identity of the element. For example, all hydrogen atoms have one proton, while carbon atoms have six.
particle properties
There are three main types of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Each of these particles has unique properties:
  • Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus. They contribute to the atomic number and identity of an element.
  • Neutrons have no charge (neutral) and also reside in the nucleus. They contribute to the atomic mass but not the atomic number.
  • Electrons have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus in electron shells. Their arrangement determines the atom's electrical properties and bonding behavior.
In addition to their charges, these particles vary in mass. Protons and neutrons have roughly the same mass, which is much greater than that of electrons. This mass difference affects the dynamics and behavior of atoms. Understanding these properties helps in comprehending atomic structure and interactions.
atomic structure
Atoms are the building blocks of matter and have a specific structure. Each atom consists of a central nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons:
  • The nucleus is very dense and positively charged due to the protons.
  • Electrons orbit the nucleus at various energy levels or shells, creating a 'cloud' of negative charge.
  • The distant electrons are held in place by the attraction between their negative charge and the positive charge of the protons.
The number of protons defines the element, while the number of neutrons can vary, leading to different isotopes of the same element. Electrons in the outer shells determine how atoms interact in chemical reactions. An atom is neutral when it has an equal number of protons and electrons. However, if it gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion, which carries a charge. The detailed understanding of atomic structure is fundamental to studying chemistry and physics.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An isotope of argon (atomic number \(=18\) ) has a mass number of 40 . How many neutrons are in this isotope? A. 18 B. 40 C. 22 D. 58

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