Chapter 10: Q19P (page 528)
Use equations (9.2), (9.8), and (9.11) to evaluate the following expressions. In spherical coordinates .
Short Answer
The required values are mentioned below.
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Chapter 10: Q19P (page 528)
Use equations (9.2), (9.8), and (9.11) to evaluate the following expressions. In spherical coordinates .
The required values are mentioned below.
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Elliptical cylinder coordinates
Show that the sum of the squares of the direction cosines of a line through the origin is equal to 1 Hint: Let be a point on the line at distance 1 from the origin. Write the direction cosines in terms of .
If P and S are -rank tensors, show that coefficients are needed to write each component of P as a linear combination of the components of S. Show that is the number of components in a -rank tensor. If the components of the -rank tensor are , then equation gives the components of P in terms of the components of S. If P and S are both symmetric, show that we need only 36different non-zero components in . Hint: Consider the number of different components in P and S when they are symmetric. Comment: The stress and strain tensors can both be shown to be symmetric. Further symmetry reduces the 36components of C in (7.5)to 21or less.
Show that the transformation equation for a -rank Cartesian tensor is equivalent to a similarity transformation. Warning hint: Note that the matrix C in Chapter 3 , Section 11 , is the inverse of the matrix A we are using in Chapter 10 (compare). Thus a similarity transformation of the matrix T with tensor components is. Also, see 鈥淭ensors and Matrices鈥 in Section 3 and remember that A is orthogonal.
Show that the nine quantities (which are the Cartesian components of where V is a vector) satisfy the transformation equations for a Cartesian -rank tensor. Show that they do not satisfy the general tensor transformation equations as in . Hint: Differentiate orpartially with respect to, say,. You should get the expected terms [as in ] plus some extra terms; these extraneous terms show that is not a tensor under general transformations. Comment: It is possible to express the components of correctly in general coordinate systems by taking into account the variation of the basis vectors in length and direction.
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