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Show that in a general coordinate system with variables x1, x2, x3, the contravariant basis vectors are given by

ai=∇xi=i∂xi∂x+j∂xi∂y+k∂xi∂z

Hint:Write the gradient in terms of its covariant components and the basis

vectors to get∇u=aj∂u∂xjand letu=xi .

Short Answer

Expert verified

The equation is proved.

ai=∂xi∂xe^x+∂xi∂ye^y+∂xi∂ze^z

Step by step solution

01

Given information.

A general coordinate system is defined with contravariant basis vectors.

02

Definition of covariance and contravariance.

The components of a vector relative to a tangent bundle basis are covariant in differential geometry if they change with the same linear transformation as the basis. If they change as a result of the inverse transformation, they are contravariant.

03

Utilize the given formula to solve.

Utilize the formula ∂xi∂xk=δkito solve the question.

04

Make appropriate substitution in the gradient equation.

Substitute u=x1in the equation of gradient in the contravariant basis.

∇u=ak∂u∂xk∇xi=ak∂xi∂xk∇xi=ai

05

Evaluate the previous equation.

From the previous equation, make an inference.

ai=∂xi∂xe^x+∂xi∂ye^y+∂xi∂ze^z

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