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Chapter 7: Problem 20

List four major differences between deformation by twinning and deformation by slip relative to mechanism, conditions of occurrence, and final result.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The four major differences are: 1. Mechanism - Deformation by twinning involves changes in crystal lattice orientation through the formation of mirror-image regions (twins), while deformation by slip involves the movement of dislocations and shearing of the crystal structure. 2. Conditions of occurrence - Twinning usually occurs at low temperatures and high strain rates, whereas slip occurs at high temperatures and low strain rates. 3. Final result - Twinning results in a more intricate microstructure, often exhibiting better mechanical properties, while slip results in a permanent distortion of the crystal lattice with the formation of dislocations. 4. Ductility and strain hardening - Twinning is more common in materials with low ductility, while slip is more common in ductile materials. Strain hardening is more prominent in materials deformed by slip, whereas twinning causes less strain hardening due to twin boundaries acting as barriers to dislocation motion.

Step by step solution

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1. Mechanism

In deformation by twinning, the crystal lattice undergoes a change in its orientation through the formation of mirror-image regions (twins). This occurs across a specific crystallographic plane called the twinning plane. In contrast, deformation by slip involves the movement of dislocations through the crystal lattice, resulting in the shearing of the structure. This typically happens along the most densely packed atomic planes, like the close-packed planes.
02

2. Conditions of occurrence

Deformation by twinning usually occurs at low temperatures and high strain rates, while deformation by slip mostly occurs at high temperatures and low strain rates. High strain rates increase the possibility of twinning rather than slip, as more energy is stored in the material during the deformation process. Similarly, deformation by slip is thermally activated, meaning it is more favorable at higher temperatures as atomic motion becomes easier.
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3. Final result

The final result of deformation by twinning is a more intricate and complex microstructure, with twin boundaries being difficult-to-move obstacles to further deformation. As a result, twinned materials often exhibit better mechanical properties, such as strength and toughness, compared to materials deformed by slip. In contrast, the final result of deformation by slip is a permanent distortion of the crystal lattice with the formation of dislocations.
04

4. Ductility and strain hardening

Deformation by twinning usually happens in materials with low ductility, whereas deformation by slip is more common in ductile materials. Strain hardening (hardening of the material with increasing plastic deformation) tends to occur more prominently in materials deformed by slip due to the accumulation and interaction of dislocations. Twinning, on the other hand, causes less strain hardening as the twin boundaries can act as barriers to dislocation motion, limiting dislocation density buildup.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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