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Chapter 18: Problem 6

What is the distinction between electronic and ionic conduction?

Short Answer

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Question: Explain the difference between electronic and ionic conduction. Answer: The primary difference between electronic and ionic conduction is the nature of the charge carriers involved. Electronic conduction is transmitted through a material due to the movement of free electrons, commonly found in metallic conductors, while ionic conduction is the transport of electric current through a material due to the movement of ions, typically found in electrolytes and some solid materials like ceramics. Their conductivity dependencies and applications also differ, with electronic conduction being utilized mainly in electronics and ionic conduction playing a significant role in electrochemical processes such as battery technology and fuel cells.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Electronic Conduction

Electronic conduction is the process by which electric current is transmitted through a material due to the movement of free electrons, which are negatively charged particles. This type of conduction is commonly found in metallic conductors, such as copper and silver.
02

Definition of Ionic Conduction

Ionic conduction is the transport of electric current through a material due to the movement of ions, which are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost one or more electrons and, as a result, carry a net electrical charge. This type of conduction is commonly found in electrolytes (e.g., saltwater solutions) and some solid materials like ceramics.
03

Charge Carriers in Electronic and Ionic Conduction

The primary difference between electronic and ionic conduction is the nature of the charge carriers involved. In electronic conduction, the charge carriers are free electrons that move through the material, while in ionic conduction, the charge carriers are ions that migrate through the material.
04

Conductivity Dependencies

The conductivity of a material in electronic conduction is mainly dependent on the availability and mobility of free electrons. In ionic conduction, it depends on the concentration, charge, and mobility of the ions in the material.
05

Applications of Electronic and Ionic Conduction

Electronic conduction is mainly utilized in the field of electronics, where it is essential for the functioning of components like transistors, diodes, and resistors. Ionic conduction, on the other hand, plays a significant role in electrochemical processes such as battery technology, fuel cells, and electrolysis. In summary, electronic and ionic conduction differ in the type of charge carriers involved, their conductivity dependencies, and their applications.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) In your own words, explain how donor impurities in semiconductors give rise to free electrons in numbers in excess of those generated by valence band-conduction band excitations. (b) Also, explain how acceptor impurities give rise to holes in numbers in excess of those generated by valence band-conduction band excitations.

(a) Compute the electrical conductivity of a cylindrical silicon specimen \(7.0 \mathrm{~mm}(0.28\) in.) diameter and \(57 \mathrm{~mm}(2.25\) in.) in length in which a current of \(0.25\) A passes in an axial direction. A voltage of \(24 \mathrm{~V}\) is measured across two probes that are separated by \(45 \mathrm{~mm}\) (1.75 in.). (b) Compute the resistance over the entire \(57 \mathrm{~mm}\) (2.25 in.) of the specimen.

(a) Calculate the number of free electrons per cubic meter for silver, assuming that there are \(1.3\) free electrons per silver atom. The electrical conductivity and density for \(\mathrm{Ag}\) are \(6.8 \times 10^{7}(\Omega \cdot \mathrm{m})^{-1}\) and \(10.5 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\), respectively. (b) Now, compute the electron mobility for \(\mathrm{Ag}\).

(a) For each of the three types of polarization, briefly describe the mechanism by which dipoles are induced and/or oriented by the action of an applied electric field. (b) For gaseous argon, solid LiF, liquid \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\), and solid Si, what kind(s) of polarization is (are) possible? Why?

State the differences in operation and application for junction transistors and MOSFETs.
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