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Chapter 18: Problem 6

What is the distinction between electronic and ionic conduction?

Short Answer

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Question: Explain the difference between electronic and ionic conduction. Answer: The primary difference between electronic and ionic conduction is the nature of the charge carriers involved. Electronic conduction is transmitted through a material due to the movement of free electrons, commonly found in metallic conductors, while ionic conduction is the transport of electric current through a material due to the movement of ions, typically found in electrolytes and some solid materials like ceramics. Their conductivity dependencies and applications also differ, with electronic conduction being utilized mainly in electronics and ionic conduction playing a significant role in electrochemical processes such as battery technology and fuel cells.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Electronic Conduction

Electronic conduction is the process by which electric current is transmitted through a material due to the movement of free electrons, which are negatively charged particles. This type of conduction is commonly found in metallic conductors, such as copper and silver.
02

Definition of Ionic Conduction

Ionic conduction is the transport of electric current through a material due to the movement of ions, which are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost one or more electrons and, as a result, carry a net electrical charge. This type of conduction is commonly found in electrolytes (e.g., saltwater solutions) and some solid materials like ceramics.
03

Charge Carriers in Electronic and Ionic Conduction

The primary difference between electronic and ionic conduction is the nature of the charge carriers involved. In electronic conduction, the charge carriers are free electrons that move through the material, while in ionic conduction, the charge carriers are ions that migrate through the material.
04

Conductivity Dependencies

The conductivity of a material in electronic conduction is mainly dependent on the availability and mobility of free electrons. In ionic conduction, it depends on the concentration, charge, and mobility of the ions in the material.
05

Applications of Electronic and Ionic Conduction

Electronic conduction is mainly utilized in the field of electronics, where it is essential for the functioning of components like transistors, diodes, and resistors. Ionic conduction, on the other hand, plays a significant role in electrochemical processes such as battery technology, fuel cells, and electrolysis. In summary, electronic and ionic conduction differ in the type of charge carriers involved, their conductivity dependencies, and their applications.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Briefly state what is meant by the drift velocity and mobility of a free electron.

At room temperature the electrical conductivity and the electron mobility for aluminum are \(3.8 \times 10^{7}(\Omega \cdot \mathrm{m})^{-1}\) and \(0.0012 \mathrm{~m}^{2} / \mathrm{V} \cdot \mathrm{s}\), respectively. (a) Compute the number of free electrons per cubic meter for aluminum at room temperature. (b) What is the number of free electrons per aluminum atom? Assume a density of \(2.7 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\).

(a) The room-temperature electrical conductivity of a silicon specimen is \(500(\Omega \cdot \mathrm{m})^{-1}\). The hole concentration is known to be \(2.0 \times\) \(10^{22} \mathrm{~m}^{-3}\). Using the electron and hole mobilities for silicon in Table \(18.3\), compute the electron concentration. (b) On the basis of the result in part (a), is the specimen intrinsic, \(n\)-type extrinsic, or \(p\)-type extrinsic? Why?

A charge of \(2.0 \times 10^{-10} \mathrm{C}\) is to be stored on each plate of a parallel-plate capacitor having an area of \(650 \mathrm{~mm}^{2}\) (1.0 in. \(^{2}\) ) and a plate separation of \(4.0 \mathrm{~mm}(0.16 \mathrm{in} .)\). (a) What voltage is required if a material having a dielectric constant of \(3.5\) is positioned within the plates? (b) What voltage would be required if a vacuum were used? (c) What are the capacitances for parts (a) and (b)? (d) Compute the dielectric displacement for part (a). (e) Compute the polarization for part (a).

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