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Chapter 7: Problem 36

(a) What is the driving force for recrystallization? (b) For grain growth?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The driving force for recrystallization is the reduction in stored energy. Recrystallization occurs when new defect-free grains nucleate and grow, replacing the deformed grains, and releasing the stored energy. Question: What is the driving force for grain growth? Answer: The driving force for grain growth is the reduction in the total grain boundary energy. This reduction in energy is achieved by the elimination of smaller grains and growth of larger grains, leading to a state with lower surface energy.

Step by step solution

01

(Definitions)

Recrystallization is a process in which deformed grains of a crystalline material are replaced by a new set of defect-free grains that nucleate and grow until the original deformed grains are entirely consumed. This process occurs mainly in materials subjected to mechanical deformation, causing an increase in stored energy due to dislocations and other defects. Grain growth is the process in which grains increase in size by eliminating other grains with higher surface energy. It often takes place after recrystallization and occurs in most materials, including metals, ceramics, and polymers.
02

(Driving force for recrystallization)

The driving force for recrystallization is the reduction in the stored energy. When a material is mechanically deformed, the internal strain energy is increased, mainly due to dislocations and other defects in the crystal lattice. This high stored energy state is thermodynamically unfavorable. Recrystallization occurs when the new defect-free grains nucleate and grow, replacing the deformed grains, and releasing the stored energy. In summary, the driving force for recrystallization is the reduction in stored energy.
03

(Driving force for grain growth)

The driving force for grain growth is the reduction in the total grain boundary energy. In a polycrystalline material, the grain boundaries are the regions of higher surface energy. When grain growth occurs, the total surface area of grain boundaries decreases, which reduces the overall grain boundary energy. This reduction in energy is achieved by the elimination of smaller grains and growth of larger grains, leading to a state with lower surface energy. Therefore, the driving force for grain growth lies in minimizing the total grain boundary energy.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider a single crystal of silver oriented such that a tensile stress is applied along a \([001]\) direction. If slip occurs on a (111) plane and in a [ \(\overline{101}\) ] direction, and is initiated at an applied tensile stress of \(1.1 \mathrm{MPa}\) (160 psi), compute the critical resolved shear stress.

One slip system for the BCC crystal structure is \(\\{110\\}(111\rangle\). In a manner similar to Figure \(7.6 b\), sketch a \\{110\\}-type plane for the BCC structure, representing atom positions with circles. Now, using arrows, indicate two different \(\langle 111\rangle\) slip directions within this plane.

(a) What is the approximate ductility (\%EL) of a brass that has a yield strength of \(275 \mathrm{MPa}\) \((40,000 \mathrm{psi}) ?\) (b) What is the approximate Brinell hardness of a 1040 steel having a yield strength of 690 \(\mathrm{MPa}(100,000 \mathrm{psi})\) ?

Two previously undeformed cylindrical specimens of an alloy are to be strain hardened by reducing their cross-sectional areas (while maintaining their circular cross sections). For one specimen, the initial and deformed radii are \(16 \mathrm{~mm}\) and \(11 \mathrm{~mm}\), respectively. The second specimen, with an initial radius of \(12 \mathrm{~mm}\), must have the same deformed hardness as the first specimen; compute the second specimen's radius after deformation.

(a) Define a slip system. (b) Do all metals have the same slip system? Why or why not?
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