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Chapter 18: Problem 6

What is the distinction between electronic and ionic conduction?

Short Answer

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Question: Explain the primary differences between electronic conduction and ionic conduction, focusing on charge carriers, materials, and occurrence. Answer: Electronic conduction involves the flow of electric current due to the movement of free electrons or holes within a material's structure, whereas ionic conduction involves the transport of electric current by the movement of charged ions such as cations and anions. Electronic conduction mainly occurs in metals, semiconductors, and conducting polymers, while ionic conduction is observed in materials like electrolytes, polymers, molten salts, and some ceramics. Electronic conduction is common in everyday applications like electric circuits and electronic devices, whereas ionic conduction occurs in processes like electrochemical reactions, batteries, fuel cells, and certain biological systems.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Electronic Conduction

Electronic conduction is the flow of electric current through a material due to the movement of free electrons or holes within its structure.
02

Definition of Ionic Conduction

Ionic conduction is the transport of electric current in a material by the movement of charged ions, such as cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions).
03

Charge Carriers in Electronic Conduction

In electronic conduction, the charge carriers are free electrons or holes. Electrons are negatively charged particles, while holes are the absence of electrons in the atomic lattice and behave as though they carry a positive charge.
04

Charge Carriers in Ionic Conduction

In ionic conduction, the charge carriers are cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions). Cations move towards the cathode (negative electrode), and anions move towards the anode (positive electrode) during the conduction process.
05

Materials Conducting Electronic Conduction

Electronic conduction mainly occurs in metals, semiconductors, and some conducting polymers. These materials have a structure that allows for the free movement of electrons or holes.
06

Materials Conducting Ionic Conduction

Ionic conduction is observed in materials like electrolytes, polymers, molten salts, and some ceramics. These materials consist of ions that can move within the structure, allowing for the transport of electric current.
07

Occurrence of Electronic Conduction

Electronic conduction is common in everyday applications, like electric circuits, electronic devices, and wiring systems. It is the primary mode of conduction in most electrical systems.
08

Occurrence of Ionic Conduction

Ionic conduction occurs in processes like electrochemical reactions, batteries, fuel cells, and certain biological systems. It plays a critical role in energy storage and conversion technologies, as well as in natural biological processes.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) The room-temperature electrical conductivity of a silicon specimen is \(5.93 \times 10^{-3}\) \((\Omega \cdot \mathrm{m})^{-1} .\) The hole concentration is known to be \(7.0 \times 10^{17} \mathrm{~m}^{-3}\). Using the electron and hole mobilities for silicon in Table \(18.3\), compute the electron concentration. (b) On the basis of the result in part (a), is the specimen intrinsic, \(n\)-type extrinsic, or \(p\)-type extrinsic? Why?

At room temperature the electrical conductivity and the electron mobility for copper are \(6.0 \times 10^{7}(\Omega \cdot \mathrm{m})^{-1}\) and \(0.0030 \mathrm{~m}^{2} / \mathrm{V} \cdot \mathrm{s}\), respectively. (a) Compute the number of free electrons per cubic meter for copper at room temperature. (b) What is the number of free electrons per copper atom? Assume a density of \(8.9 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\)

Compare the temperature dependence of the conductivity for metals and intrinsic semiconductors. Briefly explain the difference in behavior.

(a) Using the data in Figure \(18.8\), determine the values of \(\rho_{0}\) and \(a\) from Equation \(18.10\) for pure copper. Take the temperature \(T\) to be in degrees Celsius. (b) Determine the value of \(A\) in Equation \(18.11\) for nickel as an impurity in copper, using the data in Figure \(18.8\). (c) Using the results of parts (a) and (b), estimate the electrical resistivity of copper containing \(1.75\) at \(\%\) Ni at \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).

For each of the following pairs of semiconductors, decide which will have the smaller band gap energy, \(E_{g}\), and then cite the reason for your choice. (a) \(\mathrm{ZnS}\) and \(\mathrm{CdSe}\), (b) \(\mathrm{Si}\) and \(\mathrm{C}\) (diamond), (c) \(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) and \(\mathrm{ZnTe}\), (d) InSb and ZnSe, and (e) GaAs and AlP.
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