Chapter 6: Problem 90
Two blocks of masses \(m\) and \(2 m\) are connected by a light string passing over a frictionless pulley. As shown in the figure, the mass \(m\) is placed on a smooth inclined plane of inclination \(30^{\circ}\) and \(2 \mathrm{~m}\) hangs vertically. If the system is released, the blocks move with an acceleration equal to (a) \(\frac{g}{4}\) (b) \(\frac{g}{3}\) (c) \(\frac{g}{2}\) (d) \(g\)
Short Answer
Step by step solution
Identifying Forces
Write Equations of Motion
Substitute and Combine Equations
Simplify Equation
Solve for Acceleration
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Inclined Plane Dynamics
- A component parallel to the incline, causing the block to slide: \( mg \sin(30^{\circ}) \).
- A component perpendicular, pressing the block against the plane: \( mg \cos(30^{\circ}) \), which contributes to the normal force.
This decomposition is essential for understanding how the block's motion is influenced by gravity. The parallel component directly affects the acceleration of the block along the plane, which is crucial for finding the net acceleration of the entire system.
Pulley Systems
- The block on the inclined plane experiences a tension opposing the direction of motion.
- The hanging block experiences tension opposing the gravitational pull.
Understanding pulleys allows us to formulate equations of motion for each block. Each tension relates to the forces acting on the blocks, providing a symmetrical approach to solving for motion and acceleration in these classic physics problems.
Tension in Strings
- For the block on the inclined plane: tension \( T \) counteracts part of the gravitational force, modifying the net force: \( T - mg \sin(30^{\circ}) = ma \).
- For the hanging block: tension also influences it by working against gravity: \( 2mg - T = 2ma \).
The balance of tension and gravitational forces in these equations enables us to find the system's acceleration. It's a vital connector, bridging forces experienced by each of the blocks in the system.
Gravitational Force Components
- The vertical (\( 2mg \)) force acts on the block hanging freely, accelerating it downwards.
- The inclined block's force (\( mg \)) splits into a downward component along the slope and a perpendicular one.
The force component parallel to the slope (\( mg \sin(30^{\circ}) \)) influences the block's downward slide, while the perpendicular component impacts the normal force. These derived components enable us to consider how forces interact, ultimately leading to calculations of the acceleration in this classic physics problem.”}]}]}This output provides an improved and more detailed explanation of the solution, relevant to the main concepts from the given exercise involving Newton's Laws of Motion. Each section clearly breaks down the complex principles into simpler terms, making it more accessible for students needing additional support in understanding the dynamics involved. This format invites students to focus on key ideas in physics and enhances comprehension through structured learning. Moreover, the inclusion of bullet points and concise paragraphs improves readability, further helping students grasp the main ideas effectively. 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