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Solve Equation 9.13 for the case of a time-independent perturbation, assumingthatandcheck that

. Comment: Ostensibly, this system oscillates between 鈥溾 Doesn鈥檛 this contradict my general assertion that no transitions occur for time-independent perturbations? No, but the reason is rather subtle: In this are not, and never were, Eigen states of the Hamiltonian鈥攁 measurement of the energy never yields. In time-dependent perturbation theory we typically contemplate turning on the perturbation for a while, and then turning it off again, in order to examine the system. At the beginning, and at the end,are Eigen states of the exact Hamiltonian, and only in this context does it make sense to say that the system underwent a transition from one to the other. For the present problem, then, assume that the perturbation was turned on at time t = 0, and off again at time T 鈥攖his doesn鈥檛 affect the calculations, but it allows for a more sensible interpretation of the result.

ca=-ihHabeigtcb,cb=-ihHbaeigtca 鈥(9.13).

Short Answer

Expert verified

cao-ca-o=-ihHab0oeigtcbtdt

But

cbt1.

Step by step solution

01

Given data

Given that

ca=-ihHabe-igtCb

And

cb=-ihHabe-igtCb

02

Solving the case of a time independent perturbation

ca=-ihHabe-igtCbAndcb=-ihHabe-igtCb

Differentiating with respect to t :

Cb=-ihHabi0ei0tCa-ihHabei0t-ihHabei0tcborCb=i0cb-1h2Hab2cb.Let2=1h2Hab2.Thencb-i0Cb+2cb=0

or

This is a linear differential equation with constant coefficients, so it can be solved by a function of the form :

2-i0+2=0;=12i0--02-42=i20,where=-02-42

The general solution is therefore

cbt=Aei0+t/2+Bei0+t/2=ei0t/2Aei0t/2+Be0t/2,Or

cbt=e0t/2Ccos0t/2+Dsin0t/2.Butcb0=0,soC=0,andhence

cb=t=De0t/2sin0t/2

Then

cb=Di02e0t/2sin0t/2+2e0t/2cos0t/2=2De0t/2cos0t/2+i0sin0t/2=-ihHbae0t/2ca

ca=ihHba2e-0t/2Dcos0t/2+i0sin0t/2.Butca0=1soihHba2

Conclusion:

cat=e-i0t/2cosi0t/2+i0sini0t/2,cbt=2Habihei0t/2sini0t/2

Where

=02+4Hab2h2ca2+cb2=cos2t/2+022sin2t/2+4Hab2h22sin2t/2=cos2t/2+1202+4Hab2h2sin2t/2

cos2t/2+sin2t/2=1

[In light of the Comment you might question the initial conditions. If the perturbation includes a factor 胃(t) , are we sure this doesn鈥檛 alter and That is, are we sure and are continuous at a step function potential? The answer is 鈥測es鈥, for if we integrate Eq. 9.13 from to ,

ca=-ihHabe-i0tcb1,ca=-ihHabe-i0tcacao-ca-o=-ihHab0oe-i0tcbtdt

Butcbt1,

So the intergral goes to zero as o0,and hencecb-o=cao.cb

The same goes for of course

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Suppose the perturbation takes the form of a delta function (in time):

H^'=U^(t);

Assume thatUaa=Ubb=0,andletUab=Uba+=if ca(-)=1and cb(-)=0,

find ca(t)andcb(t),and check that lc(t)l2+lcb(t)l2=1. What is the net probability(Pabfort) that a transition occurs? Hint: You might want to treat the delta function as the limit of a sequence of rectangles.

Answer:Pab=sin2(||lh)

A particle of mass m is initially in the ground state of the (one-dimensional) infinite square well. At time t = 0 a 鈥渂rick鈥 is dropped into the well, so that the potential becomes

V(x)={V0,0xa/20,a/2<xa;,otherwise

where V0E1After a time T, the brick is removed, and the energy of the particle is measured. Find the probability (in first-order perturbation theory) that the result is nowE2 .

An electron in the n=3,l=0,m=0state of hydrogen decays by a sequence of (electric dipole) transitions to the ground state.

(a) What decay routes are open to it? Specify them in the following way:

|300|nlm|n'l'm'|100.

(b) If you had a bottle full of atoms in this state, what fraction of them would decay via each route?

(c) What is the lifetime of this state? Hint: Once it鈥檚 made the first transition, it鈥檚 no longer in the state |300\rangle鈭300鉄, so only the first step in each sequence is relevant in computing the lifetime.

The half-life of (t1/2)an excited state is the time it would take for half the atoms in a large sample to make a transition. Find the relation betweenrole="math" localid="1658300900358" t1/2andT(the 鈥渓ife time鈥 of the state).

Calculate ca(t)andcb(t), to second order, for a time-independent perturbation in Problem 9.2. Compare your answer with the exact result.

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