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Chapter 6: Problem 86

An aspirator provides suction by using a stream of water flowing through a venturi. Analyze the shape and dimensions of such a device. Comment on any limitations on its use.

Short Answer

Expert verified
An aspirator provides suction due to water flowing through a Venturi, a shaped tube that allows for pressure reduction and flow increase. The shape and dimensions - large inlets/outlets and a narrow middle - are important to its effectiveness, but making the center too narrow can interrupt water flow. Limitations include dependency on water flow rate and exact maintenance of structural integrity, less powerful suction compared to mechanical alternatives, and inability to maintain suction indefinitely.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the mechanism of an aspirator

The aspirator operates through a stream of water flowing through a Venturi, which is a tube with a narrow center where pressure drops and speed increases as water flows through. This drop in pressure can draw in another substance.
02

Analyzing the shape and dimensions

The shape and dimensions of the aspirator influence how effectively it can create suction. Generally, an aspirator has large inlet and outlets, and a smaller, narrower section in the middle. The narrower the central section, the greater the pressure drop and thus, the stronger the suction. However, if the center is too narrow, water may not flow smoothly. The specific dimensions would depend on the particular application of the aspirator.
03

Commenting on limitations

While the aspirator is a simple device and can be used for a variety of applications, it does have its limitations. Firstly, the suction power is heavily reliant on the flow rate of the water, which can limit its use in situations where water flow cannot be controlled or is inconsistent. Second, its efficiency also largely depends on the integrity of the aspirator structure. If the diameters of the various sections are not accurately maintained, then the aspirator is likely to function inefficiently or not at all. Further, they don't usually provide very strong suction compared to other mechanically powered options, and cannot maintain the suction indefinitely as it depends on the continued flow of water.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

\(\mathrm{A}\) horizontal flow of water is described by the velocity field \(\vec{V}=(-A x+B t) \hat{i}+(A y+B t) \hat{j},\) where \(A=1 \mathrm{s}^{-1}\) and \(B=2 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}, x\) and \(y\) are in meters, and \(t\) is in seconds. Find expressions for the local acceleration, the convective acceleration, and the total acceleration. Evaluate these at point (1,2) at \(t=5\) seconds. Evaluate \(\nabla p\) at the same point and time.

Consider the flow field formed by combining a uniform flow in the positive \(x\) direction and a source located at the origin. Let \(U=30 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\) and \(q=150 \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{s} .\) Plot the ratio of the local velocity to the freestream velocity as a function of \(\theta\) along the stagnation streamline. Locate the points on the stagnation streamline where the velocity reaches its maximum value. Find the gage pressure there if the fluid density is \(1.2 \mathrm{kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\)

A liquid layer separates two plane surfaces as shown. The lower surface is stationary; the upper surface moves downward at constant speed \(V\). The moving surface has width \(w,\) perpendicular to the plane of the diagram, and \(w \gg L .\) The incompressible liquid layer, of density \(\rho,\) is squeezed from between the surfaces. Assume the flow is uniform at any cross section and neglect viscosity as a first approximation. Use a suitably chosen control volume to show that \(u=V x / b\) within the gap, where \(b=b_{0}-V t .\) Obtain an algebraic expression for the acceleration of a fluid particle located at \(x .\) Determine the pressure gradient, \(\partial p / \partial x,\) in the liquid layer. Find the pressure distribution, \(p(x) .\) Obtain an expression for the net pressure force that acts on the upper (moving) flat surface.

Consider frictionless, incompressible flow of air over the wing of an airplane flying at \(200 \mathrm{km} / \mathrm{hr}\). The air approaching the wing is at 65 kPa and \(-10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). At a certain point in the flow, the pressure is 60 kPa. Calculate the speed of the air relative to the wing at this point and the absolute air speed.

An incompressible liquid with a density of \(900 \mathrm{kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\) and negligible viscosity flows steadily through a horizontal pipe of constant diameter. In a porous section of length \(L=2 \mathrm{m}\) liquid is removed at a variable rate along the length so that the uniform axial velocity in the pipe is \(u(x)=U e^{-x / L},\) where \(U=20 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} .\) Develop expressions for and plot the acceleration of a fluid particle along the centerline of the porous section and the pressure gradient along the centerline. Evaluate the outlet pressure if the pressure at the inlet to the porous section is \(50 \mathrm{kPa}(\text { gage })\)
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