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A radio tower rises to height h above flat horizontal ground. At the top is a magnetic dipole antenna, of radius b, with its axis vertical. FM station KRUD broadcasts from this antenna at (angular) frequency , with a total radiated power P (that鈥檚 averaged, of course, over a full cycle). Neighbors have complained about problems they attribute to excessive radiation from the tower鈥攊nterference with their stereo systems, mechanical garage doors opening and closing mysteriously, and a variety of suspicious medical problems. But the city engineer who measured the radiation level at the base of the tower found it to be well below the accepted standard. You have been hired by the Neighborhood Association to assess the engineer鈥檚 report.

(a) In terms of the variables given (not all of which may be relevant), find the formula for the intensity of the radiation at ground level, a distance R from the base of the tower. You may assume that bc/h. [Note: We are interested only in the magnitude of the radiation, not in its direction鈥攚hen measurements are taken, the detector will be aimed directly at the antenna.]

(b) How far from the base of the tower should the engineer have made the measurement? What is the formula for the intensity at this location?

(c) KRUD鈥檚 actual power output is 35 kilowatts, its frequency is 90 MHz, the antenna鈥檚 radius is 6 cm, and the height of the tower is 200 m. The city鈥檚 radio-emission limit is 200 microwatts/cm2. Is KRUD in compliance?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) The formula for the intensity of the radiation at ground level, a distance R from the base of the tower is I=3PR28h2+R22.

(b) The observation made at the location ish=R and it corresponds to I=3P32R2.

(c) Yes, the KRUD is in compliance with the value of city鈥檚 radio and the value is2.611Wcm2

Step by step solution

01

Expression for the flux intensity of the magnetic dipole:

Write the expression for the magnitude of the intensity of radiation.

I=<S> 鈥︹ (1)

Here,S is the Poynting vector which is given as:

S=0m024322c3sin2r2r^

Here,0 is the permeability of magnetic field in free space,m0 is the maximum value of the magnetic dipole moment, is the angular frequency, c is the speed of light, r is the shortest distance from the source towards the observer, and is the angle made by the displacement vector r with the vertical.

02

Determine the formula for the intensity of the radiation at ground level:

(a)

Draw the given situation.

From the above figure, the data is observed as,

r2=R2+h2sin2=R2r2

Write the expression for the total radiated power.

P=0m02432c3 鈥︹ (2)

Substitute S=0m024322c3sin2r2r^in equation (1).

I=0m024322c3sin2r2I=0m024322c3R2r2r2I=0m024322c3R2r21r2I=0m024322c3R2(h2+R2)2........(3)

From equations (2) and (3),

I=13212PR2h2+R22I=3PR28h2+R22.........(4)

Therefore, the formula for the intensity of the radiation at ground level, a distance R from the base of the tower, is I=3PR28h2+R22.
03

Determine the distance from the base of a tower and formula for the intensity at the location:

(b)

The measurement are taken by the engineer for the maximum intensity. The first derivative the magnitude of the intensity of flux will corresponds to zero. Hence, from equation (4),

IR=03P8RR2R2+h22=02RR2+h22-4R3R2+h23=0

On further solving, the above equation becomes,

2R2R2+h2=12R2=R2+h2R2=h2h=R

Substitute the value of R in equation (4).

I=3PR28R2+R22I=3PR282R22I=3PR284R4I=3P32R2........(5) 鈥︹ (5)

Therefore, the observation made at the location ish=R and it corresponds to I=3P32R2.

04

Determine the compliance of KRUD:

(c)

Re-write the equation (5) in terms of h.

I=3P32h2

SubstituteP=35kW andh=200m in the above expression.

I=335kW103W1kW32200m2I=0.02611W/m210-6渭奥1W1m2104cm2I=2.611渭奥/cm2

The value of city鈥檚 radio emission limit is 200渭奥cm2,the KRUD is in compliance with the city鈥檚 radio emission limits as the value is 2.611渭奥cm2.

Therefore, Yes, the KRUD is in compliance.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An insulating circular ring (radius b) lies in the xy plane, centered at the origin. It carries a linear charge density =0sin, where0 is constant and is the usual azimuthal angle. The ring is now set spinning at a constant angular velocity 蝇 about the z axis. Calculate the power radiated

An ideal electric dipole is situated at the origin; its dipole moment points in the z direction and is quadratic in time:

p(t)=12p0t2z^鈥夆赌夆赌夆赌(<t<)

wherep0is a constant.

  1. Use the method of Section 11.1.2 to determine the (exact) electric and magnetic fields for all r > 0 (there's also a delta-function term at the origin, but we're not concerned with that).
  2. Calculate the power, P(r,t), passing through a sphere of radius r.
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A point charge q, of mass m, is attached to a spring of constant k.Y2<<0Attimet=0it is given a kick, so its initial energy is U0=12mv02. Now it oscillates, gradually radiating away this energy.

(a) Confirm that the total energy radiated is equal to U0. Assume the radiation damping is small, so you can write the equation of motion as and the solution as

role="math" localid="1658840767865" x+y+x+02x=0,

and the solution as

x(t)=v00e-yt/2sin(0t)

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(b) Suppose now we have two such oscillators, and we start them off with identical kicks. Regardless of their relative positions and orientations, the total energy radiated must be 2U0. But what if they are right on top of each other, so it's equivalent to a single oscillator with twice the charge; the Larmor formula says that the power radiated is four times as great, suggesting that the total will be 4U0. Find the error in this reasoning, and show that the total is actually2U0, as it should be.

Find the angle max at which the maximum radiation is emitted, in Ex. 11.3 (Fig. 11.13). Show that for ultra relativistic speeds ( close toc), max(1)/2. What is the intensity of the radiation in this maximal direction (in the ultra relativistic case), in proportion to the same quantity for a particle instantaneously at rest? Give your answer in terms of.

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